HNF 150 Exam Questions and Answers
100% Solved
The Six classes of nutrients Water
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Essential nutrients Must be obtained from an external source
Because we can't make it ourselves or can't make enough of it
Omission of substance from diet leads to decline in health, but return of substance leads to
recovery.
The substance must have an identified biological function
Calorie (kcal) Unit of energy
In nutrition science, the unit used to measure the energy of foods is a kilocalorie
,Defined as: the energy required to heat 1 liter of water by 1 degree Celsius.
Case Control (Retrospective) Study - retrospective = "looking back" Method: Find people
in the SAME population presently with and without cancer
Ask both groups how much garlic they eat and lots of other questions about their long-term
lifestyle, environment, and diet.
Find out if the people without cancer ate more garlic. Statistically control for other factors
Cross-sectional Study - gives info on prevalence/distribution, association but not cause/effect
Method: Identify a population of people to survey
Ask both groups about garlic they eat and lots of other questions about their lifestyle,
environment, and diet.
Measure cancer rates in each group. Statistically control for other factors.
Cohort (Prospective) Study Method: Ask people in population what they eat and other
lifestyle/environmental factors NOW (Time 1)
Track people until Time 2 to find out if they get cancer
Find out if people without cancer ate more garlic. Statistically control for other factors.
,Randomized Controlled Trial (Intervention Study) Researchers actively intervene in one
group of the population (experimental group) and compare to a group that does not receive the
intervention (control group)
(Double) blind experiment An experiment in which the participants and researchers are
unaware of the experimental and control groups
Laboratory study Studies performed under tightly controlled situations; often involve
animals
Control group A group of individuals who are similar in all possible respects to the group
being treated in an experiment but who receive a sham treatment instead of the real one.
Experimental group The people or animals participating in an experiment who receive the
treatment under investigation.
Also called experimental subjects
Hypothesis An assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can
be tested to see if it might be true
, State the reasons for the obesity epidemic, and according to the lecture, a better way to
characterize it. An epidemic of poor nutrition, physical inactivity
State how the DRI's for energy (EER) and other nutrients (RDA, AI, etc) are established.
DRI Food and nutrition board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences,
Washington, DC
Nutrition and Food Scientists
"Classic reference work for the nutrition, dietetic, and allied health professions"
Most recent DRI's: 1997-2010
Reflect daily intakes to be achieved, on average, over time
Set high enough to ensure that body stores will meet nutrient needs during period of inadequate
intakes
Apply to healthy persons only, (Dietary Reference Intakes)
EAR Population-wide average nutrient requirements used in nutrition research and
policymaking. Form the basis for the RDA's, Estimated Average Requirements
100% Solved
The Six classes of nutrients Water
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Essential nutrients Must be obtained from an external source
Because we can't make it ourselves or can't make enough of it
Omission of substance from diet leads to decline in health, but return of substance leads to
recovery.
The substance must have an identified biological function
Calorie (kcal) Unit of energy
In nutrition science, the unit used to measure the energy of foods is a kilocalorie
,Defined as: the energy required to heat 1 liter of water by 1 degree Celsius.
Case Control (Retrospective) Study - retrospective = "looking back" Method: Find people
in the SAME population presently with and without cancer
Ask both groups how much garlic they eat and lots of other questions about their long-term
lifestyle, environment, and diet.
Find out if the people without cancer ate more garlic. Statistically control for other factors
Cross-sectional Study - gives info on prevalence/distribution, association but not cause/effect
Method: Identify a population of people to survey
Ask both groups about garlic they eat and lots of other questions about their lifestyle,
environment, and diet.
Measure cancer rates in each group. Statistically control for other factors.
Cohort (Prospective) Study Method: Ask people in population what they eat and other
lifestyle/environmental factors NOW (Time 1)
Track people until Time 2 to find out if they get cancer
Find out if people without cancer ate more garlic. Statistically control for other factors.
,Randomized Controlled Trial (Intervention Study) Researchers actively intervene in one
group of the population (experimental group) and compare to a group that does not receive the
intervention (control group)
(Double) blind experiment An experiment in which the participants and researchers are
unaware of the experimental and control groups
Laboratory study Studies performed under tightly controlled situations; often involve
animals
Control group A group of individuals who are similar in all possible respects to the group
being treated in an experiment but who receive a sham treatment instead of the real one.
Experimental group The people or animals participating in an experiment who receive the
treatment under investigation.
Also called experimental subjects
Hypothesis An assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can
be tested to see if it might be true
, State the reasons for the obesity epidemic, and according to the lecture, a better way to
characterize it. An epidemic of poor nutrition, physical inactivity
State how the DRI's for energy (EER) and other nutrients (RDA, AI, etc) are established.
DRI Food and nutrition board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences,
Washington, DC
Nutrition and Food Scientists
"Classic reference work for the nutrition, dietetic, and allied health professions"
Most recent DRI's: 1997-2010
Reflect daily intakes to be achieved, on average, over time
Set high enough to ensure that body stores will meet nutrient needs during period of inadequate
intakes
Apply to healthy persons only, (Dietary Reference Intakes)
EAR Population-wide average nutrient requirements used in nutrition research and
policymaking. Form the basis for the RDA's, Estimated Average Requirements
