HNF 150 EXAM 2 Questions with Complete
Solutions
What is the relationship between CVD and red/processed meat? has the most saturated
fats and 7-19% lower mortality risk( fish and poultry included)
What is the relationship between CVD and whole grains? lowers risk of CVD
What is the relationship between CVD sugar and refined carbs? Increase blood LDL,
lowers HDL. Increases chance for CVD
What is the relationship between CVD and fruits + veggies(soluble fiber)? Fiber
improves LDL/HDL ratio. Soluble fiber lowers blood cholesterol
What is the relationship between CVD and alcohol? binge drinking damages heart,
increases hypertension and abdominal fat
What are the Dietary Guidelines for trans and saturated fats? saturated fat: less than 10%
of calories per day
,trans fat: as low as possible
The American Heart Association recommends eating fatty fish every week. Which nutrient is this
recommendation based upon? Omega 3
Why are other agencies recommending that Americans eat less fish? Overfishing/bycatch,
non-sustainable farmed fish, and contamination/toxicity
What are the best choices of fish and how are they caught from an ecological and sustainable
perspective? What are some ecological and sustainable alternatives to eating fish? Wild
fish is sustainable if caught by hook/line fishing, harpooning and some traps. For farmed fish,
look for the ASC label and for wild fish look for the MSC label and shop at markets with safe
options.
Satiety feeling of fullness
essential fatty acids fats needed by the body that must be consumed in the diet because
the human body cannot manufacture them
,Triglycerides fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
fatty acid chain length a way to differ triglycerides
fatty acid saturation fully loaded with hydrogens
Hydrogenation The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding
hydrogen
partial hydrogenation not all double bonds are hydrogenated; natural cis double bonds
convert to the unhealthy trans form
trans fatty acids an unsaturated fatty acid which has been hydrogenated, in which the
hydrogen atoms are on the opposite sides of the double bond
phospholipid A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological
membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.
, sterol A type of lipid with a structure composed of multiple chemical rings and a
hydroxyl group
cholesterol type of fat only animals can make
pancreas organ that regulates blood sugar
bile A substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that breaks up fat
particles
gallbladder stores bile
emulsification the process of mixing lipid with water by adding an emulsifier. Breakdown
of large fat globules into smaller, digestible particles.
Lipoproteins clusters of lipids, serve as transport vehicles for lipids in blood and lymph.
any of a group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood
plasma. Breaks Down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol.
Solutions
What is the relationship between CVD and red/processed meat? has the most saturated
fats and 7-19% lower mortality risk( fish and poultry included)
What is the relationship between CVD and whole grains? lowers risk of CVD
What is the relationship between CVD sugar and refined carbs? Increase blood LDL,
lowers HDL. Increases chance for CVD
What is the relationship between CVD and fruits + veggies(soluble fiber)? Fiber
improves LDL/HDL ratio. Soluble fiber lowers blood cholesterol
What is the relationship between CVD and alcohol? binge drinking damages heart,
increases hypertension and abdominal fat
What are the Dietary Guidelines for trans and saturated fats? saturated fat: less than 10%
of calories per day
,trans fat: as low as possible
The American Heart Association recommends eating fatty fish every week. Which nutrient is this
recommendation based upon? Omega 3
Why are other agencies recommending that Americans eat less fish? Overfishing/bycatch,
non-sustainable farmed fish, and contamination/toxicity
What are the best choices of fish and how are they caught from an ecological and sustainable
perspective? What are some ecological and sustainable alternatives to eating fish? Wild
fish is sustainable if caught by hook/line fishing, harpooning and some traps. For farmed fish,
look for the ASC label and for wild fish look for the MSC label and shop at markets with safe
options.
Satiety feeling of fullness
essential fatty acids fats needed by the body that must be consumed in the diet because
the human body cannot manufacture them
,Triglycerides fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
fatty acid chain length a way to differ triglycerides
fatty acid saturation fully loaded with hydrogens
Hydrogenation The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding
hydrogen
partial hydrogenation not all double bonds are hydrogenated; natural cis double bonds
convert to the unhealthy trans form
trans fatty acids an unsaturated fatty acid which has been hydrogenated, in which the
hydrogen atoms are on the opposite sides of the double bond
phospholipid A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological
membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.
, sterol A type of lipid with a structure composed of multiple chemical rings and a
hydroxyl group
cholesterol type of fat only animals can make
pancreas organ that regulates blood sugar
bile A substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that breaks up fat
particles
gallbladder stores bile
emulsification the process of mixing lipid with water by adding an emulsifier. Breakdown
of large fat globules into smaller, digestible particles.
Lipoproteins clusters of lipids, serve as transport vehicles for lipids in blood and lymph.
any of a group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood
plasma. Breaks Down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol.
