Week 1 Midterm: NR566 / NR-566 (Latest Update
) Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the
Family | Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade
A+ - Chamberlain College
QUESTION: Antimicrobial drug Correct Answer- defined as any agent, natural or
synthetic, that has the ability to kill or suppress microorganisms. Includes tx of fungi,
bacteria, protozoa
QUESTION: Selective Toxicity Correct Answer- defined as the ability of a drug to injure a
target cell or target organism without injuring other cells or organisms that are in intimate
contact with the target.
QUESTION: Example of antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis Correct Answer-
penacillin or cephalosphorin
QUESTION: Example of antibiotic that increase cell membrane permeability Correct
Answer- amphocertin B
QUESTION: Drugs that cause lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis? Correct
Answer- Aminoglycoside
QUESTION: Drugs that cause nonlethal inhibition of protein synthesis Correct Answer-
Tetracyclines
QUESTION: Drugs that inhibit bacterial synthesis of DNA and RNA or disrupt DNA function
Correct Answer- Members of this group include rifampin, metronidazole, and the
fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin).
QUESTION: Antimetabolites=These drugs disrupt specific biochemical reactions. Correct
Answer- trimethoprim or sulfonamides.
1|Page
,QUESTION: Bactericidal drugs Correct Answer- are directly lethal to bacteria at clinically
achievable concentrations.
QUESTION: Bacteriostatic drugs Correct Answer- can slow bacterial growth but do not
cause cell death. When a bacteriostatic drug is used, elimination of bacteria must ultimately
be accomplished by host defenses (i.e., the immune system working in concert with
phagocytic cells).
QUESTION: Microbes have four basic mechanisms for resisting drugs. Correct Answer-
(1) decrease the concentration of a drug at its site of action
(2) alter the structure of drug target molecules
(3) produce a drug antagonist
(4) cause drug inactivation
QUESTION: Conjugation Correct Answer- a process by which extrachromosomal DNA is
transferred from one bacterium to another.
QUESTION: Conjugation primarily takes place primarily among what kind of bacteria?
Correct Answer- gram-negative bacteria
QUESTION: Spontaneous Mutation usually produces Correct Answer- resistance to only
one drug.
QUESTION: Conjugation (bacteria sex) usually produces Correct Answer- multiple drug
resistance. This can be achieved, for example, by transferring DNA that codes for several
different drug-metabolizing enzymes. Hence, in a single event, a drug-sensitive bacterium
can become highly drug resistant.
QUESTION: Which Antibiotics Promote Resistance? Correct Answer- Typically broad-
spectrum abx
2|Page
, QUESTION: Superinfection Correct Answer- defined as a new infection that appears
during the course of treatment for a primary infection.
QUESTION: When choosing an antibiotic, three principal factors must be considered:
Correct Answer- (1) the identity of the infecting organism
(2) drug sensitivity of the infecting organism
(3) host factors, such as the site of infection and the status of host defenses.
QUESTION: The quickest, simplest, and most versatile technique for identifying
microorganisms is Correct Answer- Gram-stained preparation
QUESTION: How is a PCR or acid amplification test done? Correct Answer- Testing is
done by using an enzyme—either DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase—to generate
thousands of copies of DNA or RNA unique to the infecting microbe.
QUESTION: Compared with Gram staining, PCR tests are Correct Answer- more specific
and more sensitive
QUESTION: Host Defenses consist primarily of Correct Answer- the immune system and
phagocytic cells (macrophages and neutrophils).
QUESTION: When treating meningitis, two approaches may be used: Correct Answer-
(1) we can select a drug that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier
(2) we can inject an antibiotic directly into the subarachnoid space.
QUESTION: Severe allergic reactions are more common with Correct Answer- penacillins
3|Page
) Advanced Pharmacology for Care of the
Family | Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade
A+ - Chamberlain College
QUESTION: Antimicrobial drug Correct Answer- defined as any agent, natural or
synthetic, that has the ability to kill or suppress microorganisms. Includes tx of fungi,
bacteria, protozoa
QUESTION: Selective Toxicity Correct Answer- defined as the ability of a drug to injure a
target cell or target organism without injuring other cells or organisms that are in intimate
contact with the target.
QUESTION: Example of antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis Correct Answer-
penacillin or cephalosphorin
QUESTION: Example of antibiotic that increase cell membrane permeability Correct
Answer- amphocertin B
QUESTION: Drugs that cause lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis? Correct
Answer- Aminoglycoside
QUESTION: Drugs that cause nonlethal inhibition of protein synthesis Correct Answer-
Tetracyclines
QUESTION: Drugs that inhibit bacterial synthesis of DNA and RNA or disrupt DNA function
Correct Answer- Members of this group include rifampin, metronidazole, and the
fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin).
QUESTION: Antimetabolites=These drugs disrupt specific biochemical reactions. Correct
Answer- trimethoprim or sulfonamides.
1|Page
,QUESTION: Bactericidal drugs Correct Answer- are directly lethal to bacteria at clinically
achievable concentrations.
QUESTION: Bacteriostatic drugs Correct Answer- can slow bacterial growth but do not
cause cell death. When a bacteriostatic drug is used, elimination of bacteria must ultimately
be accomplished by host defenses (i.e., the immune system working in concert with
phagocytic cells).
QUESTION: Microbes have four basic mechanisms for resisting drugs. Correct Answer-
(1) decrease the concentration of a drug at its site of action
(2) alter the structure of drug target molecules
(3) produce a drug antagonist
(4) cause drug inactivation
QUESTION: Conjugation Correct Answer- a process by which extrachromosomal DNA is
transferred from one bacterium to another.
QUESTION: Conjugation primarily takes place primarily among what kind of bacteria?
Correct Answer- gram-negative bacteria
QUESTION: Spontaneous Mutation usually produces Correct Answer- resistance to only
one drug.
QUESTION: Conjugation (bacteria sex) usually produces Correct Answer- multiple drug
resistance. This can be achieved, for example, by transferring DNA that codes for several
different drug-metabolizing enzymes. Hence, in a single event, a drug-sensitive bacterium
can become highly drug resistant.
QUESTION: Which Antibiotics Promote Resistance? Correct Answer- Typically broad-
spectrum abx
2|Page
, QUESTION: Superinfection Correct Answer- defined as a new infection that appears
during the course of treatment for a primary infection.
QUESTION: When choosing an antibiotic, three principal factors must be considered:
Correct Answer- (1) the identity of the infecting organism
(2) drug sensitivity of the infecting organism
(3) host factors, such as the site of infection and the status of host defenses.
QUESTION: The quickest, simplest, and most versatile technique for identifying
microorganisms is Correct Answer- Gram-stained preparation
QUESTION: How is a PCR or acid amplification test done? Correct Answer- Testing is
done by using an enzyme—either DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase—to generate
thousands of copies of DNA or RNA unique to the infecting microbe.
QUESTION: Compared with Gram staining, PCR tests are Correct Answer- more specific
and more sensitive
QUESTION: Host Defenses consist primarily of Correct Answer- the immune system and
phagocytic cells (macrophages and neutrophils).
QUESTION: When treating meningitis, two approaches may be used: Correct Answer-
(1) we can select a drug that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier
(2) we can inject an antibiotic directly into the subarachnoid space.
QUESTION: Severe allergic reactions are more common with Correct Answer- penacillins
3|Page
