Blood and Circulatory Disorders
ERYTHROCYTES
1. Describe the normal "life cycle" of an erythrocyte, including where it is produced, what its life span is, and where
and how it is destroyed.
2. State the normal range for both red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin, differentiating between the values
found in males and females.
3. Define anemia.
Reduced oxygen transport in the blood due to a decrease in hemoglobin content.
4. List the general manifestations for all types of anemias.
Pallor of the skin and mucous membranes related to cutaneous vasoconstriction. Fatigue, lethargy, and
cold intolerance as cell metabolism decreases. Irritability, a central nervous system response to hypoxia.
Degenerative changes, such as brittle hair, spoon-shaped (concave) and ridged nails. Stomatitis and
glossitis, inflammation in the oral mucosa and tongue, respectively. Menstrual irregularities. Delayed
healing. Tachycardia, heart palpitations, dyspnea, and perhaps
5. Complete the following chart comparing and contrasting the different types of anemias:
Specific
Typ Signs Specifi
e of and c
Ane Etiol Sympto Treat
mia ogy ms ment
Iron
deficien
cy
anemia
Pernici
ous
anemia
—
Vitami
n B12
deficie
ncy
anemia
Copyright 0 2014, 2011 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Blood and Circulatory System Disorders
, Aplastic
anemia
Thalasse
mia
Sickle
cell
anemia
6. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder. What is the pattern of inheritance for this disorder? What is the genotype
of an individual with sickle cell anemia?
43
,
7. What is meant by the "sickle cell trait"? What is the genotype of an individual who has this trait?
8. A woman with sickle cell trait is pregnant with the child of a man who has sickle cell anemia. Draw a Punnett
square to illustrate possible outcomes.
i. What is the probability that the child will have sickle cell anemia?
ii. What is the probability that the child will have sickle cell
iii. What is the probability that the child will have neither sickle cell trait nor sickle cell anemia?
iv. What is the probability that any future child that this couple conceives will have sickle cell anemia?
9. Describe the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia.
10. What precipitates "sickling"?
11. What is meant by a "crisis"? Identify the potential complications of a sickling crisis.
12. Explain why an individual with sickle cell anemia may experience the following signs and symptoms:
i. jaundice:
ii. cerebrovascular accident:
iii. frequent infections:
iv. splenomegaly:
Chapter 10 Blood and Circulatory System Disorders Copyright 0 2014, 2011 , 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc, All rights reserved.
ERYTHROCYTES
1. Describe the normal "life cycle" of an erythrocyte, including where it is produced, what its life span is, and where
and how it is destroyed.
2. State the normal range for both red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin, differentiating between the values
found in males and females.
3. Define anemia.
Reduced oxygen transport in the blood due to a decrease in hemoglobin content.
4. List the general manifestations for all types of anemias.
Pallor of the skin and mucous membranes related to cutaneous vasoconstriction. Fatigue, lethargy, and
cold intolerance as cell metabolism decreases. Irritability, a central nervous system response to hypoxia.
Degenerative changes, such as brittle hair, spoon-shaped (concave) and ridged nails. Stomatitis and
glossitis, inflammation in the oral mucosa and tongue, respectively. Menstrual irregularities. Delayed
healing. Tachycardia, heart palpitations, dyspnea, and perhaps
5. Complete the following chart comparing and contrasting the different types of anemias:
Specific
Typ Signs Specifi
e of and c
Ane Etiol Sympto Treat
mia ogy ms ment
Iron
deficien
cy
anemia
Pernici
ous
anemia
—
Vitami
n B12
deficie
ncy
anemia
Copyright 0 2014, 2011 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Blood and Circulatory System Disorders
, Aplastic
anemia
Thalasse
mia
Sickle
cell
anemia
6. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder. What is the pattern of inheritance for this disorder? What is the genotype
of an individual with sickle cell anemia?
43
,
7. What is meant by the "sickle cell trait"? What is the genotype of an individual who has this trait?
8. A woman with sickle cell trait is pregnant with the child of a man who has sickle cell anemia. Draw a Punnett
square to illustrate possible outcomes.
i. What is the probability that the child will have sickle cell anemia?
ii. What is the probability that the child will have sickle cell
iii. What is the probability that the child will have neither sickle cell trait nor sickle cell anemia?
iv. What is the probability that any future child that this couple conceives will have sickle cell anemia?
9. Describe the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia.
10. What precipitates "sickling"?
11. What is meant by a "crisis"? Identify the potential complications of a sickling crisis.
12. Explain why an individual with sickle cell anemia may experience the following signs and symptoms:
i. jaundice:
ii. cerebrovascular accident:
iii. frequent infections:
iv. splenomegaly:
Chapter 10 Blood and Circulatory System Disorders Copyright 0 2014, 2011 , 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc, All rights reserved.
