CONSONANTS
Phoneme Three term Mistake Advice Pronunciation and
label transcription tips
/f/
Fortis The consonant itself will not cause ‘f’ remains /f/ in (almost) all Mostly spelled:
Labio-dental any problems as it is almost the situations. ‘f’ - feet
Feathered Fricative same in Dutch. ‘ff’ - offer
Friends Due to Dutch assimilation rules the ‘ph’ – photo
syllable final /f/ is sometimes
mispronounced as voiced lenis /v/ There is only one word in
when it occurs between voiced English in which the letter
sounds. ‘f’ is pronounced /v/.
‘of’ - /ɒv/ or /əv/
/v/
Lenis Dutch speakers tend to pronounce ‘v’ is always pronounced Always as ‘v’.
Labio-dental English /v/ as an /f/ in virtually all /v/
Very Fricative positions. Produce the sound very Except for the word ‘of’ as
Lovely In final positions this causes the gentle and with very little mentioned above.
preceding vowel sound to be too power.
short (final hardening). Hum in your throat while
making the /v/, particularly
fortis instead of lenis: in initial and medial
This means that it is being produced with position.
too much power. Air is being forced into the In final position, make sure
mouth from the lungs with too much that the previous vowel
pressure. This creates too much friction in sound is long enough, this
the gap between the bottom lip and the top will help to get the vocal
teeth. cords vibrating for the
following /v/.
Phoneme Prediction of Mistake Advice Pronunciation and
Phoneme Three term Mistake Advice Pronunciation and
label transcription tips
/f/
Fortis The consonant itself will not cause ‘f’ remains /f/ in (almost) all Mostly spelled:
Labio-dental any problems as it is almost the situations. ‘f’ - feet
Feathered Fricative same in Dutch. ‘ff’ - offer
Friends Due to Dutch assimilation rules the ‘ph’ – photo
syllable final /f/ is sometimes
mispronounced as voiced lenis /v/ There is only one word in
when it occurs between voiced English in which the letter
sounds. ‘f’ is pronounced /v/.
‘of’ - /ɒv/ or /əv/
/v/
Lenis Dutch speakers tend to pronounce ‘v’ is always pronounced Always as ‘v’.
Labio-dental English /v/ as an /f/ in virtually all /v/
Very Fricative positions. Produce the sound very Except for the word ‘of’ as
Lovely In final positions this causes the gentle and with very little mentioned above.
preceding vowel sound to be too power.
short (final hardening). Hum in your throat while
making the /v/, particularly
fortis instead of lenis: in initial and medial
This means that it is being produced with position.
too much power. Air is being forced into the In final position, make sure
mouth from the lungs with too much that the previous vowel
pressure. This creates too much friction in sound is long enough, this
the gap between the bottom lip and the top will help to get the vocal
teeth. cords vibrating for the
following /v/.
Phoneme Prediction of Mistake Advice Pronunciation and
