GTC Microbiology Final Review Exam
Questions & Answers
What is septicemia? - ANSWERSa systematic disease caused by presence of pathogenic
microorganisms or toxins in the blood
How does it differ from bacteremia? - ANSWERSbacteremia is bacteria in the blood. Septicemia
is the presence of microoganisms in the blood.
What is the cause of endotoxic shock? - ANSWERSthe LPS layer of gram negative bacteria
contains endotoxins that are released when large amounts of gram negative bacteria are killed-
thus leading to endotoxic shock.
What is the cause of puerperal fever? - ANSWERSStrep. pyogenes
Explain how rheumatic fever develops? - ANSWERSrheumatic fever is caused by a Strep.
pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or aftermath of the disease.
What type of hypersensitivity is that? - ANSWERStype 3- immunocomplex
Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial endocarditis: - ANSWERSStaph aureus,
Strep pneumonia, viridians streptococcus
What causes cat scratch fever? - ANSWERSBartonella
Name the signs of cat scratch fever: - ANSWERSlymph node enlargement in children
,What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"? - ANSWERSit means that there are no
apparent symptoms or signs
Name the causative agent in plague: - ANSWERSYersinia
What is a buboe? - ANSWERSlymph node enlargement
What type of plague has the highest mortality? - ANSWERSpneumonic- 100% mortality within 3
days
How does transmission of plague occur? - ANSWERSbubonic: through flea bites that were
infected by rodents. pneumonic: through human to human contact
Can the plague be treated? - ANSWERSyes- streptomycin and tetracycline
Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease: - ANSWERSBorrelia
How is it transmitted? - ANSWERStick bites
Is a bull's eye rash always seen? - ANSWERSin 80% of the cases
What is the bull's eye rash? - ANSWERSErythema Migrans-it is not always a bullseye and is not
always the site of the tick bite
Can lyme disease be treated? - ANSWERSyes- penicillins, tetracyclines or cephalosporins are
effective in the first phase. Later phases are difficult to treat.
,What are some late manifestations of lyme disease? - ANSWERSlyme disease can cause arthritis
(stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular system problems (stage 2)
How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted? - ANSWERSthrough tick bites
Which bacterium causes RMSF? - ANSWERSRickettsia
What type of rash is seen in RMSF? - ANSWERSpetechiae
What are other symptoms? - ANSWERSheadache, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, nausea,
abdominal pain
How serious is RMSF? - ANSWERSit is very serious. It can be fatal if not treated- it can cause
multi-system organ failure.
What is the cause of "mono"? - ANSWERSEpstein Barr virus
Which cells are involved in mono? - ANSWERSB lymphocyte
Characterize the virus that causes this disease: - ANSWERSdsDNA/enveloped
Why is this called a "persistent" infection? - ANSWERSit's called persistent because it invades
many organs such as the liver, heart and kidneys
How is it transmitted? - ANSWERSthrough saliva
What is the cause of Burkitt's lymphoma? - ANSWERSEpstein Barr virus
, What are the signs? - ANSWERSnight sweats, high fever, weight loss, pain, malaise, diarrhea,
and enlarged lymph nodes.
Who is most at risk for CMV infections? - ANSWERSimmunocompromised people
What does CMV stand for? - ANSWERSCytomegaly virus
What does it mean that this disease is often "subclinical"? - ANSWERSit means that there are no
signs or symptoms in most people
Name a viral hemorrhagic fever: - ANSWERSDengue fever, yellow fever or Ebola fever
Name the agent that causes malaria: - ANSWERSPlasmodium vivax
How is it transmitted? - ANSWERSthrough a mosquito bite-->liver-->red blood cell
What types of symptoms and signs are seen? - ANSWERSintervals of high fever, anemia, fatigue,
jaundice
Is there treatment? What is it? - ANSWERSyes- the antiprotozoan drug chloroquine
What is the concern in infections with Toxoplasma? - ANSWERSit is teratogenic and can cause
birth defects in unborn babies if a pregnant woman contracts it.
Where do these infections come from? - ANSWERSfrom cat feces-->soil-->plants-->animals--
>humans (eating meat not fully cooked)
Questions & Answers
What is septicemia? - ANSWERSa systematic disease caused by presence of pathogenic
microorganisms or toxins in the blood
How does it differ from bacteremia? - ANSWERSbacteremia is bacteria in the blood. Septicemia
is the presence of microoganisms in the blood.
What is the cause of endotoxic shock? - ANSWERSthe LPS layer of gram negative bacteria
contains endotoxins that are released when large amounts of gram negative bacteria are killed-
thus leading to endotoxic shock.
What is the cause of puerperal fever? - ANSWERSStrep. pyogenes
Explain how rheumatic fever develops? - ANSWERSrheumatic fever is caused by a Strep.
pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or aftermath of the disease.
What type of hypersensitivity is that? - ANSWERStype 3- immunocomplex
Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial endocarditis: - ANSWERSStaph aureus,
Strep pneumonia, viridians streptococcus
What causes cat scratch fever? - ANSWERSBartonella
Name the signs of cat scratch fever: - ANSWERSlymph node enlargement in children
,What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"? - ANSWERSit means that there are no
apparent symptoms or signs
Name the causative agent in plague: - ANSWERSYersinia
What is a buboe? - ANSWERSlymph node enlargement
What type of plague has the highest mortality? - ANSWERSpneumonic- 100% mortality within 3
days
How does transmission of plague occur? - ANSWERSbubonic: through flea bites that were
infected by rodents. pneumonic: through human to human contact
Can the plague be treated? - ANSWERSyes- streptomycin and tetracycline
Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease: - ANSWERSBorrelia
How is it transmitted? - ANSWERStick bites
Is a bull's eye rash always seen? - ANSWERSin 80% of the cases
What is the bull's eye rash? - ANSWERSErythema Migrans-it is not always a bullseye and is not
always the site of the tick bite
Can lyme disease be treated? - ANSWERSyes- penicillins, tetracyclines or cephalosporins are
effective in the first phase. Later phases are difficult to treat.
,What are some late manifestations of lyme disease? - ANSWERSlyme disease can cause arthritis
(stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular system problems (stage 2)
How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted? - ANSWERSthrough tick bites
Which bacterium causes RMSF? - ANSWERSRickettsia
What type of rash is seen in RMSF? - ANSWERSpetechiae
What are other symptoms? - ANSWERSheadache, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, nausea,
abdominal pain
How serious is RMSF? - ANSWERSit is very serious. It can be fatal if not treated- it can cause
multi-system organ failure.
What is the cause of "mono"? - ANSWERSEpstein Barr virus
Which cells are involved in mono? - ANSWERSB lymphocyte
Characterize the virus that causes this disease: - ANSWERSdsDNA/enveloped
Why is this called a "persistent" infection? - ANSWERSit's called persistent because it invades
many organs such as the liver, heart and kidneys
How is it transmitted? - ANSWERSthrough saliva
What is the cause of Burkitt's lymphoma? - ANSWERSEpstein Barr virus
, What are the signs? - ANSWERSnight sweats, high fever, weight loss, pain, malaise, diarrhea,
and enlarged lymph nodes.
Who is most at risk for CMV infections? - ANSWERSimmunocompromised people
What does CMV stand for? - ANSWERSCytomegaly virus
What does it mean that this disease is often "subclinical"? - ANSWERSit means that there are no
signs or symptoms in most people
Name a viral hemorrhagic fever: - ANSWERSDengue fever, yellow fever or Ebola fever
Name the agent that causes malaria: - ANSWERSPlasmodium vivax
How is it transmitted? - ANSWERSthrough a mosquito bite-->liver-->red blood cell
What types of symptoms and signs are seen? - ANSWERSintervals of high fever, anemia, fatigue,
jaundice
Is there treatment? What is it? - ANSWERSyes- the antiprotozoan drug chloroquine
What is the concern in infections with Toxoplasma? - ANSWERSit is teratogenic and can cause
birth defects in unborn babies if a pregnant woman contracts it.
Where do these infections come from? - ANSWERSfrom cat feces-->soil-->plants-->animals--
>humans (eating meat not fully cooked)
