Pathopharm Exam 2 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

Pathopharm Exam 2 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) A client with diabetes mellitus complains of difficulty seeing. Which factor would the nurse suspect as being the cause? a. lack of glucose in the retina b. the growth of new retina blood vessels or "neovascularization" c. inadequate glucose supply to rods and cones d. destructive effect of ketones on retinal metabolism an adolescent with a history of type 1 diabetes is admitted in ketoacidosis. which cause would the nurse suspect as precipitating the episode of ketoacidosis. a. infection b. increased exercise c. recent weight loss d. overdose of insulin which is the priority concern of a 10-year-old child who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes? a. how much school might be missed b. whether the diabetes can be controlled c. how a parent will react to the diagnosis d. whether having diabetes means future sterility Which assessment finding would the nurse associate with a client with diabetic ketoacidosis? Select all that apply a. diaphoresis b. retinopathy c. acetone breath d. increased arterial bicarbonate level e. decreased arterial carbon dioxide level A client is taught how to recognize signs of hypoglycemic reaction. which symptoms identified by the client indicate to the nurse that the teaching was effective? Select all that apply a. fatigue b. nausea c. weakness d. nervousness e. increased thirst f. increased perspiration which cause of tremors, pallor, and diaphoresis would be suspected in a client with type 1 diabetes? a. overeating b. viral infection c. aerobic exercise d. missed insulin dose which responses would the nurse expect a client experiencing hypoglycemia to exhibit? Select all that apply a. nausea b. palpations c. tachycardia d. nervousness e. warm, dry skin f. increased respirations which results would the nurse expect to find when assessing the laboratory values of a client with type 2 diabetes? a. ketones in the blood but not in the urine b. glucose in the urine but not in the blood c. urine and blood positive for glucose and ketones d. urine negative for ketones and positive glucose in the blood which initial response would the nurse make to a 67-year-old man with type 2 diabetes who sadly confides in the nurse that he has been unable to have an erection for several years? a. 'at your age, sex isn't that important' b. 'that is a natural occurrence at your age' c. ' you sound upset about not being able to have an erection' d. 'maybe it's time for you to speak to your primary health care provider about this' which eye problem is the leading cause of blindness in clients with diabetes? a. cataracts b. glaucoma c. retinopathy d. astigmatism which client is at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply a. 15-year-old male who plays video games 6 hours per day b. 36-year-old female with a history of gestational diabetes c. 47-year-old male who weighs 250 pounds and is 5'9" tall d. 28-year-old female with polycystic ovarian syndrome (POS) e. 60-year-old male of native American decent who abuses alcohol which child would the nurse recommend screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus during a local health screening? Select all that apply a. child who recently turned 10 years old, has not yet entered puberty, and has no other risk factors b. 7-year-old child, body mass index (BMI) in the 80th percentile, no other risk factors c. African American child, BMI in the 87th percentile, family history of diabetes d. 9-year-old Hispanic child, BMI in the 90th percentile, no other risk factors e. Caucasian child, BMI in the 96th percentile, signs of insulin resistance the nurse is providing instructions about foot care for a client with diabetes mellitus. which would the nurse include in the instructions? Select all that apply a. wear shoes when out of bed b. soak the feet in warm water daily c. dry between the toes after bathing d. remove corns as soon as they appear e. use a heating pad when the feet feel cold which complication of diabetes would the nurse assess for in a client with a long history of the disease? Select all that apply a. leg ulcers b. loss of visual acuity c. increased creatine clearance d. prolonged capillary refill in the toes e. decreased sensation in the lower extremities which manifestation would the nurse include when teaching a client about ketoacidosis? Select all that apply a. confusion b. hyperactivity c. excessive thirst d. fruity-scented breath e. decreased urinary output which statements would a nurse make about other adults and type 2 diabetes? a. older adults seldom develop ketoacidosis b. older adults secrete no endogenous insulin c. older adults have a lower risk of complications d. older adults develop a sudden onset of symptoms which laboratory test would the nurse expect to be prescribed that will reveal the effectiveness of a diabetic regimen for a child with type 1 diabetes? a. serum glucose b. glucose tolerance c. fasting blood sugar d. glycosylated hemoglobin which factors can predispose a client with type 1 diabetes to a diabetic ketoacidotic coma? Select all that apply a. taking too much insulin b. getting too much exercise c. excessive emotional stress d. running a fever with the flu e. eating fewer calories than prescribed which complication associated with type 1 diabetes should the nurse include in the teaching plan for the parent of a newly diagnosed child? a. obesity b ketoacidosis c. resistance to treatment d. hypersensitivity to other medications which clinical finding supports the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis? a. nervousness and tachycardia b. erythema toxicum rash and pruritus c. diaphoresis and altered mental state d. deep respirations and fruity odor to the breath which physiological changes would the nurse expect to find in a client with a 20-year history of type 2 diabetes? a. blurry, spotty, or hazy vision b. arthritic changes in the hands c. hyperactive knee and ankle jerk reflexes d. dependent pallor of the feet and lower legs which laboratory value supports the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis in a client with type 1 diabetes? a. decreased serum glucose levels b. decreased serum calcium levels c. increased blood urea nitrogen levels d. increased serum bicarbonate levels a client's breath has a sweet, fruity odor. which condition is affecting the client? a. gum disease b. uremic acidosis c. diabetic acidosis d. infection inside a cast the primary health care provider prescribes daily fasting blood glucose levels for a client with diabetes mellitus. which is the goal of fasting glucose levels for a client with diabetes mellitus? a. 40 to 65 mg/dL (2.2-3.6 mmol/L) of blood b. 70 to 105 mg/dL (3.9-5.8 mmol/L) of blood c. 110 to 145 mg/dL (6.1-8.0 mmol/L) of blood d. 150 to 175 mg/dL (8.3-9.7 mmol/L) of blood a 15-year-old adolescent is found to have type 1 diabetes. which would the nurse include when teaching the adolescent about type 1 diabetes? a. it does not always require insulin b. it involves early vascular changes c. it occurs more often in obese adolescents d. it has a more rapid onset that does type 2 diabetes the nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about self-care. which is the primary long-term goal? a. Maintaining normoglycemia b. complying with the diabetic diet c. adhering to an exercise program d. developing a non-stressful lifestyle an increase in which blood component is responsible for the acidosis related to untreated diabetes mellitus? a. ketones b. glucose c. lactic acid d. glutamic acid which molecule excessively accumulates in the blood to precipitate the signs and symptoms associated with a diabetic coma? a. sodium bicarbonate, causing alkalosis b. ketones as a result of rapid fat breakdown, causing acidosis c. nitrogen from protein catabolism, causing ammonia intoxication d. glucose from rapid carbohydrate metabolism, causing drowsiness a student with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse which primary hormone causes the blood glucose level to rise. which hormone would the nurse report? a. insulin b. glucagon c. epinephrine d. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) a client with type 1 diabetes for 25 years states, " I have been really bad for the past 15 years. I have not paid attention to my diet and have done little to control my diabetes." which common complications of diabetes might the nurse expect to identify when assessing this client? Select all that apply a. leg ulcers b. loss of visual acuity c. thick, yellow toenails d. increased growth of body hair e. decreased sensation in the feet a mother asks the neonatal nurse why her infant must be monitored closely for hypoglycemia when her type 1 diabetes was in excellent control during the entire pregnancy. how would the nurse best respond? a. 'a healthy newborn's glucose level drops after birth, so we're being especially cautious with your baby because of your diabetes.' b. ' a newborn's pancreas produces an increased amount of insulin during the first day of birth, so we're checking to see whether hypoglycemia has occurred.' c. ' babies of mothers with diabetes do not have large stores of glucose at birth, so it is difficult for them to maintain the blood glucose level within an acceptable range.' d.' babies of mothers with diabetes have a higher-than-average insulin level because of the excess glucose received from the mother during pregnancy, so the glucose level may drop.' the nurse teaches a client with type 2 diabetes how to provide self-care to prevent infections of the feet. which statement made by the client shows that the teaching was effective? a. "I should massage my feet and legs with oil or lotion" b. "I should apply heat intermittently to my feet and legs" c. "I should eat foods high in protein and carbohydrate kilocalories" d." I should control my blood glucose with diet, exercise, and medication." which laboratory value supports the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis? a. increased serum lipids b. decreased hematocrit level c. increased serum calcium levels d. decreased blood urea nitrogen levels which education would the nurse provide the parents of a child with type 1 diabetes who ask why they should test the child's urine for ketones during periods of stress or illness, even though blood glucose testing is being done four times a day? a. urine should be tested for ketones during illness and when blood glucose level is increased b. blood glucose testing before meals and bedtime may be stopped once the child is stabilized on insulin c. urine testing remains the most accurate way to check for a high glucose level if double-voided specimens are used d. the short-term glucose level is more accurately reflected in a urine specimen than in a blood specimen, especially in children the nurse is assessing a client admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. which statement made by the client indicates a need for further education on sick day management? a." I will stop taking my insulin when i am ill because i am not eating" b. " I will check my urine for ketones when my blood sugar is over 250" c. " I will alternate drinking gatorade and water throughout the day while ill" d. "I will continue all my insulin including my glargine when i am sick" when teaching a client with diabetes about monitoring for episodes of hypoglycemia, which symptom would the nurse include in the teaching plan? a. thirst b. nausea c. anorexia d. sweating which common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis would the nurse consider when caring for a postoperative client with diabetes? a. emotional stress b. presence of infection c. increased insulin dose d. inadequate food intake which fluid shift will the nurse take into consideration when assessing a client with type 1 diabetes who is experiencing a fluid imbalance? a. intravascular to interstitial as a result of glycosuria b. extracellular to interstitial as a result of hypoproteinemia c. intracellular to intravascular as result of hyperosmolarity d. intercellular to intravascular as a result of increased hydrostatic pressure when obtaining the history of a client recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, which symptom would the nurse expect to see? a. edema b. anorexia c. weight loss d. hypoglycemic episodes the nurse is assessing a client with diabetic ketoacidosis. which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect? Select all that apply a. dry skin b. abdominal pain c. kussmaul respirations d. absence of ketones in the urine e. blood glucose level of less than 72mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) a client with type 1 diabetes has dry, hot, flushed skin; a fruity odor to the breath; and is having Kussmaul respirations. which complication does the nurse suspect that the client is experiencing? a. ketoacidosis b. somogyi phenomenon c. hypoglycemic reaction d. hyperosmolar nonketotic coma which unique response is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis that is not exhibited with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketoitic syndrome? a. fluid loss b. glycosuria c. kussmaul respirations d. increased blood glucose level which laboratory results support the nurse's suspicion that a client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is experiencing ketoacidosis? a. blood glucose of 40mg/100mL (2.2 mmol/L), blood pH of 7.37 b. blood glucose of 130mg/100mL (7.2 mmol/L), blood pH of 7.35 c. blood glucose of 650mg/100mL (36.1 mmol/L), blood pH of 7.42 d. blood glucose of 300mg/ 100mL (16.7 mmol/L), blood pH of 7.20 which cellular process associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus results in increased client fatigue? a. increased metabolism at the cellular level b. increased glucose absorption from the intestine c. decreased production of insulin by the pancreas d. decreased glucose secretion into the renal tubules for a pregnant client with type 1 diabetes, which action is most likely to reduce the risks of disease-related complications? a. monitor and control blood glucose levels b. limit pregnancy weight gain to an average of 25 pounds c. plan an elective cesarean section delivery d. attend all prenatal office visits which newborn would the nurse anticipate will experience hypoglycemia? Select all that apply a. preterm infant b. infant with down syndrome c. small-for-gestational-age infant d. large-for-gestational-age infant e. appropriate-for-gestational-age infant while obtaining a clients health history, which factor would the nurse identify as predisposing the client to type 2 diabetes? a. having diabetes insipidus b. eating low-cholesterol foods c. being 20 pounds (9kg) overweight d. drinking a daily alcoholic beverage the nurse suspects that a client has diabetes mellitus. which statement made by the client helped the nurse reach this conclusion? Select all that apply a. "I am 65 years old" b. "I quite often feel thirsty" c. "I eat food every 2 hours" d. "I have excessive sweating" e. " I sometimes experience shortness of breath" when determining the main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the nurse recognizes which clinical presentation about type 1? a. onset of the disease is slow b. excessive weight is a contributing factor c. complications are not present at the time of diagnosis d. treatment involves diet, exercise, and oral medications which type of insulin would the nurse recognize as compatible with IV solutions when caring for a client with diabetes mellitus who is scheduled to receive an intravenous (IV) administration 25 units of insulin in 250 mL normal saline? a. NPH insulin b. insulin lispro c. insulin detemir d. insulin glargine the nurse is caring for a client with hypoglycemia. the nurse anticipates a prescription for which medications? Select all that apply a. insulin b. glucagon c. intravenous (IV) glucose d. oral hydrocortisone e. somatostatin which time range would a nurse teach as the HIGHEST risk for hypoglycemia to a client with type 1 diabetes who self-administers neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin ever morning at 8:00 AM? a. 9:00 AM to 10:00AM b. 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM c. noon to 8:00PM d. 8:00 PM to midnight for which condition is an oral hypoglycemic agent indicated? a. ketoacidosis b. obesity c. pancreatitis d. reduced insulin production before having surgery, a client with type 1 diabetes insulin requirements would the nurse anticipate for this client postoperatively? a. decrease b. fluctuate c. increase sharply d. remain elevated which responses would the nurse expect a client experiencing hypoglycemia to exhibit? Select all that apply a. nausea b. palpations c. tachycardia d. nervousness e. warm, dry skin f. increased respirations a client with type 1 diabetes receives Humulin R insulin in the morning. shortly before lunch the nurse identifies that the client is diaphoretic and trembling. which intervention is appropriate? a. administer insulin to the client b. give the client lunch immediately c. encourage the client to drink fluids d. assess the clients blood glucose level which instruction would the nurse provide to a 6'0", 160-pound client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes who wants to self-administer injections with an insulin pen? Select all that apply a. prime the needle with two units b. use a 29-gauge insulin needle c. give the injection at 45-degree angle d. refrain from recapping the needle e. dial the pen to deliver the unit dose which condition would cause a nontender 5-cm indurated region on the upper arm of a client with type 1 diabetes who says to the nurse, " that is where i give myself insulin shots'"? a. callus b. an allergy c. an infection d. lipodystrophy when determining the main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the nurse recognizes which clinical presentation about type 1? a. onset of the disease is slow b. excessive weight is a contributing factor c. complications are not present at the time of diagnosis d. treatment involves diet, exercise, and oral medications a child is prescribed insulin glargine before breakfast. which instruction is the MOST appropriate for the nurse to give the patient regarding a bedtime snack? a. "offer a snack to prevent hypoglycemia during the night" b. " give the child a snack if signs of hyperglycemia are present" c. "avoid a snack because the child is being treated with long-acting insulin" d. "keep a snack at the bedside in case the child gets hungry during the night" which complication of diabetes would the nurse suspect when a health care provider prescribes one tube of glucose gel for a client with type 1 diabetes? a. diabetic acidosis b. hyperinsulin secretion c. insulin-induced hypoglycemia d. idiosyncratic reactions to insulin which instruction will the nurse provide to a client with type 2 diabetes who develops gout when teaching about the administration of allopurinol? a. "allopurinol masks symptoms of hypoglycemia" b. "increase your oral hypoglycemic medications" c. "increase attention to diabetic foot care" d. "monitor blood glucose levels more frequently" which response will the nurse provide to a client with type 2 diabetes taking one glyburide tablet daily who asks whether an extra tablet should be taken before exercise? a. "you will need to decrease how much you are exercising" b. "an extra pill help your body use glucose when exercising" c. "the amount of medication you need to take is not related to exercising" d. "do not take an extra pill because you may become hypoglycemic when exercising" how will the nurse respond to a client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes who becomes agitated and says, "i am scared of shots. if that is my only option, I’ll just have to go into a coma and die!" when told that lifelong insulin will be needed? a. "injections are not the only option available for insulin" b. "it won't be so bad; you will get used to it if you only try" c. "this is one of those time when you need to act like an adult" d. "clients have the right to refuse treatment, but i need you to sign this form that removes us from liability for your decision" between which weeks of gestation would a client with type 1 diabetes expect to increase her insulin dosage? a. 10th and 12th weeks of gestation b. 18th and 22nd weeks of gestation c. 24th and 28th weeks of gestation d. 36th and 40th weeks of gestation the nurse plans to teach a school-aged child with type 1 diabetes who is receiving both intermediate-acting insulin and regular insulin daily how to self-administer the insulin before discharge. which procedure would the nurse teach the child? a. practice using the non-medicated insulin pen first b. alternate sites until the best one to use is found c. draw up the Novolin N first and then draw up the regular insulin d. self-inject the insulin immediately after being taught the technique a client experiences ineffective control of type 1 diabetes. the client's study results indicate that a sudden decrease in blood glucose level is followed by rebound hyperglycemia. when this event occurs, which action would the nurse take? a. give the client 8oz (240mL) of orange juice b. seek a prescription to increase the insulin dose at bedtime c. encourage the client to eat smaller, more frequent meals d. collaborate with the primary healthcare provider to alter the insulin prescription which insulin will the nurse prepare for the emergency treatment of ketoacidosis? a. glargine b. NPH insulin c. insulin aspart d. insulin detemir which condition would the nurse identify as the likely cause of profound weakness and nervousness in a client that became confused shortly after self-administering the morning dose of 10 units of regular insulin and 25 units of NPH insulin after a light breakfast with no additional intake in the 3 hours since that time? a. hyperglycemia b. hyperinsulinemia c. hypoglycemia d. hypoinsulinemia which information would the nurse include in a teaching plan when teaching a client with diabetes about the advantages of using an insulin pump? Select all that apply a. it prevents ketoacidosis b. it helps cause weight loss c. it can improve A1c levels d. an insulin pump costs less than subcutaneous injections e. clients may be able to exercise without eating more carbohydrates which statement made by a client prescribed metformin extended release to control type 2 diabetes mellitus indicates the need for further education? a. "I will take the medication with food" b. "I must swallow my medication whole and not crush or chew it" c. "I will notify my doctor if i develop muscular of abdominal discomfort" d. "I will stop taking metformin for 24 hours before and after having a test involving dye" which information will the nurse include when teaching a client with type 1 diabetes about the use of an insulin pump? a. insulin pumps mimic the way a healthy pancreas works b. the insulin pumps needle should be changed every day c. pumps are implanted in a subcutaneous pocket near the abdomen d. the insulin pumps advantage is that it only requires glucose monitoring once a day which information would the nurse include when teaching a type 2 diabetic controlled with oral antidiabetic medications who is prescribed regular insulin when admitted for elective surgery? a. "you will need a higher serum glucose level while on bed rest" b. "the stress of surgery may cause hypoglycemia" c. "with insulin, dosage can be adjusted to your changing needs during recovery from surgery" d. "the possibility of surgical complications is greater when a client takes oral hypoglycemics" the nurse is explaining insulin needs to a client with gestational diabetes who is in her second trimester of pregnancy. which information would the nurse give to this client? a. insulin needs will increase during the second trimester b. insulin needs will decrease during the second trimester c. insulin needs will not change during the second trimester d. insulin will be switched to an oral anti-diabetic medication during the second trimester which period of time would a nurse recognize as the greatest risk of hypoglycemia when caring for a client who receives regular insulin daily at 8:00AM? a. 8:30AM to 9:30AM b. 8:00PM to 12:00 AM c. 1:00PM to 8:00 PM d. 10:00AM to 1:00 PM which medication is responsible for neonatal hypoglycemia? a. warfarin b. simvastatin c. tolbutamine d. methimazole which statement will the nurse need to consider when developing the teaching plan for a client with type 2 diabetes prescribed an oral hypoglycemic medication? a. oral hypoglycemics work by decreasing absorption of carbohydrates b. oral hypoglycemics work by stimulating the pancreas to produce insulin c. clients taking oral hypoglycemics may subconsciously relax dietary rules to gain a sense of control d. serious adverse effects are not a problem for oral hypoglycemics when planning care for a client with type 1 diabetes, which change in insulin requirements would the nurse anticipate on the first postpartum day? a. slow decrease b. rapid increase c. sudden decrease d. gradual increase which clinical finding supports the conclusion by a nurse that a client had a hypoglycemic reaction to insulin? Select all that apply a. Irritability b. glycosuria c. dry, hot skin d. heart palpations e. fruity odor of breath which mechanism of action explains how glyburide decreases serum glucose levels? a. stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin b. accelerates the liver's release of stored glycogen c. increases glucose transport across the cell membrane d. decrease absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal system why is 15g of a simple sugar administered when a client with diabetes experiences hypoglycemia? a. inhibits glycogenesis b. stimulates release of insulin c. increases blood glucose levels d. provides more storage of glucose which hormone would the nurse identify as inhibiting insulin and glucagon secretion? a. amylin b. somatostatin c. triiodothyronine d. pancreatic polypeptide a continuous insulin infusion is started in an adolescent with a blood glucose level of 700 mg/dL (38.9 mmol/L). which complication would the nurse make a priority of detecting while the adolescent is receiving the infusion? a. hypovolemia b. hypokalemia c. hypernatremia d. hypercalcemia the nurse is teaching a 12-year-old child about the action of insulin injections. which statement indicates the child understands how insulin works in the body? a. 'glucose is released as fats break down' b. 'it keeps glucose from being stored in the liver' c. 'glucose is carried into cells where it is used for energy' d. 'it stops the wasting of blood glucose by converting it to glycogen' which information would the nurse provide to a client with type 1 diabetes who requests information about the differences between penlike insulin delivery devices and syringes? a. "the penlike devices have a shorter injection time" b. "penlike devices provide a more accurate dose delivery" c." the penlike delivery system uses a smaller-gague needle" d. "penlike devices cost less by having reusable insulin cartridges" which advice will the nurse give the client to avoid lipodystrophy when self-administering insulin therapy? a. exercise regularly b. rotate injection sites c. use the z-track technique d. vigorously massage the injection site when will the nurse monitor for a potential hypoglycemic reaction after administering daily regular insulin to a client with type 1 diabetes at 8AM? a. at breakfast b. before lunch c. before dinner d. in the early afternoon which angle would an obese client be taught to self-administer an insulin injection at? a. 30-degree angle b. 60-degree angle c. 45-degree angle d. 90-degree angle the nurse is educating the client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic medications. which instruction would the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply a. the client should obtain a finger-stick blood glucose before reading before each meal b. the client does not need to follow a specific diet until insulin is required c. the teaching plan should include signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia d. the teaching plan should include how to administer regular insulin e. the teaching plan should include sick day rules the nurse is teaching a 10-year-old child with type 1 diabetes about insulin requirements. which statement by the nurse correctly identifies when insulin needs decrease? a. 'insulin needs often decrease when puberty is reached' b. "when there is an infection present, the body requires less insulin' c. 'emotional stress can cause insulin needs to decrease' d. 'increased muscle activity such as exercise, cause insulin needs to decrease" which medication would be administered to a client who reports sweating, tachycardia, and tremors with a laboratory report that reveals serum cortisol less than normal and a blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL? a. glucagon b. kayexalate c. hydrocortisone d. insulin with dextrose in normal saline which response would a nurse give to a client who asks "why can't I take the insulin in pills instead of taking shots?" during a teaching session about insulin injections? a. "insulin cannot be manufactured in pill form" b. "insulin is destroyed by gastric juices, rendering it ineffective" c. "your heath care provider decides the route of administration" d. "your health care provider will prescribe pills when you are ready" which initial intervention would the nurse expect the primary health care provider to order for a client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis? a. intravenous (IV) fluids b. potassium c. NPH insulin (Novolin N) d. sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) which explanation would the nurse share regarding the reversal of hypoglycemia after administering a tube of glucose gel to a client? a. it liberates glucose from heptaic stores of glycogen b. it provides a glucose source that is rapidly absorbed c. insulin action is blocked as it competes for tissue sites d. glycogen is supplied to the brain as well as other vital organs for which reason may insulin requirements of a client with type 1 diabetes decrease during the first trimester? a. body metabolism is sluggish in the first trimester b. morning sickness may result in decreased food intake c. fetal requirements of glucose in this period are minimal d. hormones of pregnancy increase the body's need for insulin which short-term goal is the priority for a client with a new insulin pump who is receiving discharge instructions? a. plan daily intake incorporating diabetic diet guidelines b. demonstrate proper subcutaneous insulin injection technique c. demonstrate correct use of insulin pump d. list three self-care activities that help control the diabetes upon assessment, the nurse finds the client is experiencing weight gain as well as elevated lipid and blood glucose levels. which medication on the clients prescription list is most likely to cause these metabolic side effects? Select all that apply a. clozapine b. asenapine c. quetiapine d. olanzapine e. ziprasidone An adolescent with diabetes had a 6:30 AM fasting blood glucose level of 180mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L). which nursing action is a priority? a. encourage the adolescent to start exercising b. ask the adolescent to obtain an immediate glucometer reading c. inform the adolescent that a complex carbohydrate such as cheese should be eaten d. tell the adolescent that the prescribed dose of rapid-acting insulin should be administered which is an appropriate response to a 24-year-old client with type 1 diabetes who asks how her pregnancy will affect her diet and insulin needs? a. ' insulin needs will decrease; the excess glucose will be used for fetal growth' b. 'diet and insulin needs wont change, and maternal and fetal needs will be met' c. 'protein needs will increase, and adjustments to insulin dosage will be necessary' d. 'insulin dosage and dietary needs will be adjusted in accordance with the results of blood glucose monitoring' which purpose is served by an evening snack of milk, crackers, and cheese for a client who is receiving NPH insulin? a. encouragement to stay on the diet b. food to counteract late insulin activity c. added calories to promote weight gain d. high carbohydrates to provide nourishment for immediate use The nurse is planning an evening snack for a child receiving NPH insulin. the nurse offers a snack for which reason? a. it encourages the child to stay on the diet b. energy is needed for immediate utilization c. extra calories will help the child gain weight d. nourishment helps counteract late insulin activity which condition is likely being experienced by a client receiving NPH insulin every morning who reports feeling nervous at 4:30 PM and has skin that is moist and cool? a. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic state b. ketoacidosis c. glycogenesis d. hypoglycemia the laboratory findings of an obese hypertensive adolescent reveal hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia. which condition would the nurse anticipate incorporating into the plan of care? a. pulmonary disease b. musculoskeletal disease c. insulin resistance syndrome d. nonalcoholic fatty liver disease which is the priority short-term goal when teaching a client with type 1 diabetes who is placed on an insulin pump to control the diabetes? a. "the client will adhere to the medical regimen" b. "the client will remain normoglycemic for 3 weeks" c. "the client will demonstrate correct use of the insulin pump" d. "the client will list three self-care activities that are necessary to control the diabetes" a child is receiving 45 units of intermediate-acting insulin at 7:00 AM and 7:00 PM. which statement by the nurse is the most appropriate when discussing bedtime snacks with the parent? a. "offer a snack at bedtime if there are signs of hyperglycemia." b. "provide a bedtime snack to prevent hypoglycemia during the night" c. "withhold the snack after dinner to prevent hyperglycemia during sleep" d. "leave a snack at the bedside in case the child becomes hungry during the night" which information is important for the nurse to include concerning insulin administration when discussing insulin needs with an adolescent with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes? a. insulin will be required throughout life b. insulin may be taken orally until adulthood c. insulin needs will increase with strenuous activity d. insulin needs decrease in the presence of an infection which cellular process associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus results in increased client fatigue? a. increased metabolism at the cellular level b. increased glucose absorption from the intestine c. decreased production of insulin by the pancreas d. decreased glucose secretion into the renal tubules