NSG 4100 (AH111) FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
what would require immediate intervention for a patient
with head trauma? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- CSF drainage:
meningitis infection can occur
- A depressed fracture - require surgery within 24 hrs
- A battle sign (bruising over the mastoid bone)
- Pts who pees ALOT - indicate dilute urine --> DI
- GCS - score <8
- Decorticate and Decerebrate posturing
- Changes in pupils
What would require immediate intervention for a patient
with TBIs? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- Dolls eyes (dilation of eyes),
fixation of pupils, paralysis of extremity ---> indicate
herniation
- When Turing pt head to one side, and if eyes turn into
the same direction = bad response
- opposite direction = normal response
Clinical manifestations that require immediate
intervention for acute SDH? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- Coma,
increase BP, decreased HR, slow RR
,What emergency procedure would be preformed for a
patient with a epidural hematoma? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Burr
holes - release blood accumulated in the between the
skull and dura bc it can cause neurological deficits and
respiratory arrest
Early s/s of increased ICP - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- change in LOC
- earliest
- disorientation, restlessness, increased respiratory
effort (Kussmals), purposeless movements, mental
confusion,
- pupillary changes and impaired extraocular movements
-
late s/s of increased ICP (vital sign changes) -
✔✔ANSW✔✔- Cushing's Triad
- bradycardia, bradypnea, widen pulse pressure
(increased systolic, decreased diastolic_
- increased BP and temp
Late signs of increased ICP - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- patient
becomes erratic
- GCS score <8
- LOC continues to deteriorate
- Chain-stokes (rhythmic waxing and waning of ate and
depth with brief episodes of apnea
- Ataxic breathing - irregular breathing with random deep
and shallow breath
- projectile vomiting
,- hemiplegia
- decorticate
- decerebrate
- flaccidity before death
- loss of brain stem reflexes: pupillary, corneal, gag, and
swallowing reflexes are not present
(signs of approaching death)
Normal ICP pressure - ✔✔ANSW✔✔5-15 mmHg
Normal CPP - ✔✔ANSW✔✔70-100 mmHg
an ICP >25 indicates? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔worsening if
pressure does not return within 5 minutes
a CPP <50mmHg indicates - ✔✔ANSW✔✔No blood glow
and irreversible damage
What is the goal for a Craniotomy post op? -
✔✔ANSW✔✔- aimed at detecting and reducing cerebral
edema, relieve ing pain, preventing seizures, monitoring
ICP, and neurological status
Plan of care post op for a craniotomy? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-
reduce cerebral edema by giving: mannitol, IV
dexamethasone, and taper off when discontinuing
- relieve pain and decrease temp with:
- acetaminophen (mild)
- codeine and morphine - for intense pain
, - prophylactic anticonvulsants: phenytoin and
levetiracetam
- remove the ICP monitor as soon as ICP is regulated and
is stable
Post-op assessments for craniotomy? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-
Respiratory function ( s/s of hypoxia, RR, pattern and
ABGs)
- Temp (hyperthermia indicates infection; hypothermia
during procedure)
- tx periorbital edema with cold compresses, this can last
for 1-2 days
- neurological: Q15-60min, avoid head rotation, HOB 30
degrees, resposition Q2H, promote deep breathing and IS
use
- Assess foley - output >200ml indicate DI
What are complication of craniotomy? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-
increased ICP
- bleeding from site
- CSF leakage - emergency
- infections - assess with REEDA
- DI
- SIADH
- seizures
What pt are more susceptible to opportunistic variations
of meningitis? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- college students
- Millitary personal
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
what would require immediate intervention for a patient
with head trauma? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- CSF drainage:
meningitis infection can occur
- A depressed fracture - require surgery within 24 hrs
- A battle sign (bruising over the mastoid bone)
- Pts who pees ALOT - indicate dilute urine --> DI
- GCS - score <8
- Decorticate and Decerebrate posturing
- Changes in pupils
What would require immediate intervention for a patient
with TBIs? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- Dolls eyes (dilation of eyes),
fixation of pupils, paralysis of extremity ---> indicate
herniation
- When Turing pt head to one side, and if eyes turn into
the same direction = bad response
- opposite direction = normal response
Clinical manifestations that require immediate
intervention for acute SDH? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- Coma,
increase BP, decreased HR, slow RR
,What emergency procedure would be preformed for a
patient with a epidural hematoma? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Burr
holes - release blood accumulated in the between the
skull and dura bc it can cause neurological deficits and
respiratory arrest
Early s/s of increased ICP - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- change in LOC
- earliest
- disorientation, restlessness, increased respiratory
effort (Kussmals), purposeless movements, mental
confusion,
- pupillary changes and impaired extraocular movements
-
late s/s of increased ICP (vital sign changes) -
✔✔ANSW✔✔- Cushing's Triad
- bradycardia, bradypnea, widen pulse pressure
(increased systolic, decreased diastolic_
- increased BP and temp
Late signs of increased ICP - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- patient
becomes erratic
- GCS score <8
- LOC continues to deteriorate
- Chain-stokes (rhythmic waxing and waning of ate and
depth with brief episodes of apnea
- Ataxic breathing - irregular breathing with random deep
and shallow breath
- projectile vomiting
,- hemiplegia
- decorticate
- decerebrate
- flaccidity before death
- loss of brain stem reflexes: pupillary, corneal, gag, and
swallowing reflexes are not present
(signs of approaching death)
Normal ICP pressure - ✔✔ANSW✔✔5-15 mmHg
Normal CPP - ✔✔ANSW✔✔70-100 mmHg
an ICP >25 indicates? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔worsening if
pressure does not return within 5 minutes
a CPP <50mmHg indicates - ✔✔ANSW✔✔No blood glow
and irreversible damage
What is the goal for a Craniotomy post op? -
✔✔ANSW✔✔- aimed at detecting and reducing cerebral
edema, relieve ing pain, preventing seizures, monitoring
ICP, and neurological status
Plan of care post op for a craniotomy? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-
reduce cerebral edema by giving: mannitol, IV
dexamethasone, and taper off when discontinuing
- relieve pain and decrease temp with:
- acetaminophen (mild)
- codeine and morphine - for intense pain
, - prophylactic anticonvulsants: phenytoin and
levetiracetam
- remove the ICP monitor as soon as ICP is regulated and
is stable
Post-op assessments for craniotomy? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-
Respiratory function ( s/s of hypoxia, RR, pattern and
ABGs)
- Temp (hyperthermia indicates infection; hypothermia
during procedure)
- tx periorbital edema with cold compresses, this can last
for 1-2 days
- neurological: Q15-60min, avoid head rotation, HOB 30
degrees, resposition Q2H, promote deep breathing and IS
use
- Assess foley - output >200ml indicate DI
What are complication of craniotomy? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-
increased ICP
- bleeding from site
- CSF leakage - emergency
- infections - assess with REEDA
- DI
- SIADH
- seizures
What pt are more susceptible to opportunistic variations
of meningitis? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔- college students
- Millitary personal
