NHA CET TEST PAPERS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTION GRADED A+
✔✔Automaticity - ✔✔The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses
on its own.
✔✔what are the pacemaker sites of the heart? - ✔✔SA node, AV junction, and purkinje
fibers
✔✔Excitability - ✔✔AKA irritability
ability to respond to external stimuli
✔✔Conductivity - ✔✔ability of all cardiac cells to receive and transmit an electrical
stimulus from cell to cell
✔✔Contractility - ✔✔ability of heart cells to shorten and cause a muscle contraction
✔✔SA node - ✔✔found in upper portion of right atrial wall
primary pacemaker of heart
✔✔SA node firing rate - ✔✔60-100 bpm
✔✔Internodal Pathway - ✔✔anterior, middle, and posterior divisions
carry electricl impulse from SA node through Atria to AV junction
✔✔AV node - ✔✔short delay compared to SA node, allows blood to flow from atria to
ventricles
✔✔Bundle of His - ✔✔located in intervetricular septum
divides bundle branches
generate electrical impulse
✔✔Bundle of His/ AV junction firing rate - ✔✔40-60 bpm
✔✔Bundle Branches - ✔✔Located at the interventricular septum
conducts electrical impulse to the purkinje fibers
✔✔Limb Leads - ✔✔3 standard leads, 3 augmented leads.
✔✔Einthovens Triangle - ✔✔draw it
✔✔Lead I - ✔✔LA positive
RA negative
, ✔✔Lead II - ✔✔LL positive
RA negative
✔✔Lead III - ✔✔LL positive
LA negative
✔✔Lead aVR - ✔✔RA positive
other leads negative
✔✔Lead aVL - ✔✔Left arm positive
other limbs negative
✔✔Lead aVF - ✔✔LL positive
other limbs negative
✔✔V1 - ✔✔4th intercostal space, right sternal border
✔✔V2 - ✔✔Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border
✔✔V3 - ✔✔Midway between V2 and V4
✔✔V4 - ✔✔5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line
place before V3
✔✔V5 - ✔✔5th intercostal space, anterior axillary line
✔✔V6 - ✔✔5th intercostal space, midaxillary line
✔✔How many electrodes are placed during a routine 12-lead EKG? - ✔✔10 electrodes
✔✔Electrocardiographic lid - ✔✔EKG paper
✔✔EKG paper - ✔✔Is a graph paper with horizontal and vertical lines at 1-mm intervals.
A heavy line appears every 5mm.
✔✔1m equals what on EKG paper? - ✔✔0.04 seconds
✔✔What does 5mm on EKG paper equal? - ✔✔0.2 second
✔✔What does the vertical axis represent on EKG paper? - ✔✔Amplitude measured in
milivolts, expressed as mm
✔✔what does 1mm equal in EKG paper vertically? - ✔✔1mV
SOLUTION GRADED A+
✔✔Automaticity - ✔✔The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses
on its own.
✔✔what are the pacemaker sites of the heart? - ✔✔SA node, AV junction, and purkinje
fibers
✔✔Excitability - ✔✔AKA irritability
ability to respond to external stimuli
✔✔Conductivity - ✔✔ability of all cardiac cells to receive and transmit an electrical
stimulus from cell to cell
✔✔Contractility - ✔✔ability of heart cells to shorten and cause a muscle contraction
✔✔SA node - ✔✔found in upper portion of right atrial wall
primary pacemaker of heart
✔✔SA node firing rate - ✔✔60-100 bpm
✔✔Internodal Pathway - ✔✔anterior, middle, and posterior divisions
carry electricl impulse from SA node through Atria to AV junction
✔✔AV node - ✔✔short delay compared to SA node, allows blood to flow from atria to
ventricles
✔✔Bundle of His - ✔✔located in intervetricular septum
divides bundle branches
generate electrical impulse
✔✔Bundle of His/ AV junction firing rate - ✔✔40-60 bpm
✔✔Bundle Branches - ✔✔Located at the interventricular septum
conducts electrical impulse to the purkinje fibers
✔✔Limb Leads - ✔✔3 standard leads, 3 augmented leads.
✔✔Einthovens Triangle - ✔✔draw it
✔✔Lead I - ✔✔LA positive
RA negative
, ✔✔Lead II - ✔✔LL positive
RA negative
✔✔Lead III - ✔✔LL positive
LA negative
✔✔Lead aVR - ✔✔RA positive
other leads negative
✔✔Lead aVL - ✔✔Left arm positive
other limbs negative
✔✔Lead aVF - ✔✔LL positive
other limbs negative
✔✔V1 - ✔✔4th intercostal space, right sternal border
✔✔V2 - ✔✔Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border
✔✔V3 - ✔✔Midway between V2 and V4
✔✔V4 - ✔✔5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line
place before V3
✔✔V5 - ✔✔5th intercostal space, anterior axillary line
✔✔V6 - ✔✔5th intercostal space, midaxillary line
✔✔How many electrodes are placed during a routine 12-lead EKG? - ✔✔10 electrodes
✔✔Electrocardiographic lid - ✔✔EKG paper
✔✔EKG paper - ✔✔Is a graph paper with horizontal and vertical lines at 1-mm intervals.
A heavy line appears every 5mm.
✔✔1m equals what on EKG paper? - ✔✔0.04 seconds
✔✔What does 5mm on EKG paper equal? - ✔✔0.2 second
✔✔What does the vertical axis represent on EKG paper? - ✔✔Amplitude measured in
milivolts, expressed as mm
✔✔what does 1mm equal in EKG paper vertically? - ✔✔1mV
