EXSC 480 final Questions with Complete
Solutions
independent variable -thing being manipulated
-group/condition
-X axis
dependent variable -outcome
-Y axis
hypothesis generating exploratory to find the direction you want to go in. weaker studies
-ecologic- not strong, big group of people
-case-reports: 2-3 people
-cross sectional: time slice
-case study: one person
hypothesis testing test an already proven hypothesis. stronger studies
,-case-control: long time to develop, diseases that develop over time; odd ratios
-cohort: follow specific people; relative risks
-interventional: only true cause and effect; randomized-controlled clinical trials (gold standard)
when there are outliers, do you use mean or median? median
corelation (r) extent that 2 variables vary with each other- scale of 0 to 1 or 0 to -1
-positive correlation: as one increases, so does the other (both move in same direction)
-negative/indirect correlation: as one increases, the other decreases (not move in same direction)
type 1 error concluding there is a difference when there is not
-alpha
-P-value
type 2 error concluding no difference when there is
-beta
,F value between/within group variance
-big differences between groups and little differences within the groups
+3 is strong
-if denominator is higher, F value will be lower. If numerator is higher, F value will be higher
P value shows strength of association
-the extent that the F value is true
-shows how confident you are that it is not by chance
-P <0.05
components and contributors of energy expenditure thermic effect of feeding = 10%
-processing food, digestion
energy expenditure of physical activity = 15-30%
, resting energy expenditure = 60-75%
NHLBI Guidelines/Recommendations -reduce body weight by 10%
-lose 1-2 lbs/week for 6 months
-maintain lower body weight
-minimum goal is prevent further weight gain
AHA/ACC/TOS guidelines measure/advise
-BMI, waist, CVD risk
counsel with patients
-3-5% weight loss produces benefits
-more reduces CVD risk (5-10% recommended)
prescribe dietary strategy
one of the following:
-1200-1500 kcal (women) or 1500-1800 kcal (men)
Solutions
independent variable -thing being manipulated
-group/condition
-X axis
dependent variable -outcome
-Y axis
hypothesis generating exploratory to find the direction you want to go in. weaker studies
-ecologic- not strong, big group of people
-case-reports: 2-3 people
-cross sectional: time slice
-case study: one person
hypothesis testing test an already proven hypothesis. stronger studies
,-case-control: long time to develop, diseases that develop over time; odd ratios
-cohort: follow specific people; relative risks
-interventional: only true cause and effect; randomized-controlled clinical trials (gold standard)
when there are outliers, do you use mean or median? median
corelation (r) extent that 2 variables vary with each other- scale of 0 to 1 or 0 to -1
-positive correlation: as one increases, so does the other (both move in same direction)
-negative/indirect correlation: as one increases, the other decreases (not move in same direction)
type 1 error concluding there is a difference when there is not
-alpha
-P-value
type 2 error concluding no difference when there is
-beta
,F value between/within group variance
-big differences between groups and little differences within the groups
+3 is strong
-if denominator is higher, F value will be lower. If numerator is higher, F value will be higher
P value shows strength of association
-the extent that the F value is true
-shows how confident you are that it is not by chance
-P <0.05
components and contributors of energy expenditure thermic effect of feeding = 10%
-processing food, digestion
energy expenditure of physical activity = 15-30%
, resting energy expenditure = 60-75%
NHLBI Guidelines/Recommendations -reduce body weight by 10%
-lose 1-2 lbs/week for 6 months
-maintain lower body weight
-minimum goal is prevent further weight gain
AHA/ACC/TOS guidelines measure/advise
-BMI, waist, CVD risk
counsel with patients
-3-5% weight loss produces benefits
-more reduces CVD risk (5-10% recommended)
prescribe dietary strategy
one of the following:
-1200-1500 kcal (women) or 1500-1800 kcal (men)
