BIOS 252 Exam 3 ppt review Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+

BIOS 252 Exam 3 ppt review Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ The Cochlea - Answer: The receptor cells for hearing are located in the cochlea of the ear The Cochlea of the Ear - Answer: Optic Disc - Answer: The area of the eye where the optic nerve and vessels enter and exit vallate papillae - Answer: An anatomical structure found on the tongue The lens - Answer: Focuses light on the retina by changing shape to accommodate near or far objects Photoreceptors - Answer: Rods and cones respond to light chemorecptors - Answer: Olfactory receptors are chemoreceptors, which are proteins or protein complexes detect volatile chemicals the lens of the eye - Answer: tympanic membrane (eardrum) - Answer: olfactory bulb - Answer: primary taste sensations - Answer: sweet, salty, bitter, umami T3 (triiodothyronine) - Answer: secreted by the thyroid gland, main hormones produced by the thyroid gland are thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4), & Triiodothyronine (T3) sensory adaptation - Answer: tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging Human Growth Hormone (HGH) - Answer: brain region controlling the pituitary gland, promotion of bone growth is primary function of growth hormone in the body Hypothalamus - Answer: homeostasis Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - Answer: FSH is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland Progesterone - Answer: to producing ova (eggs), the ovaries also produce progesterone parathyroid glands - Answer: Parathyroid glands are important in the regulation of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in the blood and bones infundibulum - Answer: the pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via the infundibular stalk Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - Answer: stimulates secretion from adrenal pituitary gland Graves disease - Answer: an autoimmune disorder which primarily affects the thyroid gland luteinizing hormone (LH) - Answer: secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the gonads to produce progesterone and/ or testosterone hypophyseal portal system - Answer: Growth hormone- releasing hormone GHRH is transported to the anterior pituitary gland via the hypophyseal portal system Glucagon - Answer: a hormone that causes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose The Adrenal Gland secretes all of the following hormones : - Answer: Noradrenaline, Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Androgens like DHEA the adrenal glands - Answer: produce aldosterone, a steroid hormone that helps that body pressure and electrolyte balance Pancreas - Answer: Thymus - Answer: thyroid gland - Answer: Receptors - Answer: mechanoreceptors, proprioceptors, Nociceptors, Photoreceptors, thermoreceptors Mechanoreceptors - Answer: Body Positions proprioceptors - Answer: Stretch Nociceptors - Answer: pain Thermoreceptors - Answer: temperature changes special receptors cells - Answer: Vision: Rods and cones Smell: Olfactory Cells Hearing: Cochlea Taste: Gustatory Cells Equilibrium: Semi-circular canals Hormones that are directly involved in affecting glucose levels in the blood - Answer: Glucagon, Glycogen, Insulin The following sensations are generated via a sensory nerve with free nerve endings - Answer: Pain, Itch, Tickle, Temperature changes, pressure Paracrine - Answer: Cells that release chemical messengers, or paracrine factors, to communicate with nearby cells and alter their behavior Autocrine - Answer: A cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger that act on the same cell ( Cell Signaling) exocrine secretion - Answer: Sensations via sensory nerve - Answer: Sensations generated by process of a sensory, incoming, afferent, nerve with free nerve endings, pain, temperature changes anterior pituitary gland hormones - Answer: Human Growth hormone (hGH) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Sensory Perception - Answer: Sensory receptors & sensory perception>Mechanoreceptors (Body Positions)> proprioceptors (stretch)> Nociceptors (pain)> Photoreceptor (light)> Thermoreceptors (temperature changes) Essay Question: Discriminate between paracrine, autocrine, endocrine and exocrine secretions - Answer: Paracrine - hormones enter the interstitial fluid but affect only neighboring cells. Autocrine - hormones affect only the secreting cell. Endocrine - hormones are secreted from the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream and act on target cells. Exocrine - secretions enter tubes or ducts that lead to body surfaces. Choose one endocrine gland and describe the hormone(s) it secretes, the function(s) of the hormone(s) and how the endocrine gland is regulated - Answer: Parathyroid Gland: set of four small pea-like glands that regulate calcium and phosphate balance in blood, bones, and other tissues - Correct Ans: