BIOS252 Exam 3 - Chamberlain University Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+

BIOS252 Exam 3 - Chamberlain University Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ How is the hypothalamus connected to the pituitary gland? - Answer: Infundibulum - the hollow stalk which connects the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland. What do the ovaries secrete? - Answer: Estrogen and progesterone Chemoreceptors - Answer: Respond to chemical stimuli (smell and taste) Mechanioreceptors - Answer: Respond to mechanical energy (touch, movement, vibrations) Nociceptors - Answer: Pain receptors Thermoreceptors - Answer: Give the body the ability to detect heat and cold in the environment Hormone: LH (luteinizing hormone) - Answer: Exocrine definition - Answer: Glands that secrete their products through ducts opening onto an epithelium rather than directly into the bloodstream Endocrine definition - Answer: Glands that secrete their product directly into the bloodstream Cribiform plate - Answer: superior surface of the ethmoid; perforated by a foramina which allows passage of the olfactory nerves, which provide sense of smell Structures of the tongue - Answer: •Filiform •Fungiform •Vallate •Rudimentary foliate papillae •Underside or ventral side of the tongue shows many blood vessels close to the surface. Structures of the eye - Answer: conjunctiva- mucous membrane sclera- thick outer coat, whites cornea pupil iris lens retina fovea centralis optic disk optic nerve anterior chamber posterior chamber vitreous chamber rods and cones bipolar cells ganglion cells (optic nerve) Structures of the ear - Answer: pinna auditory canal eardrum ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) oval window cochlea (perilymph, endolymph) organ of Corti (basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, cilia with mechanoreceptors) semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule round window Eustachian tube Tympanic membrane - Answer: The eardrum. A structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves Retina - Answer: Light sensitive layer of the eye; contains rods and cones Lens - Answer: Focuses light onto retina and allows focus Gustatory receptors - Answer: Taste receptors Infundibulum - Answer: connects hypothalamus to pituitary gland Paracrine - Answer: signals diffuse to and affect nearby cells autocrine - Answer: a chemical signal that binds to and affects the cell that makes it exocrine - Answer: secreting externally endocrine - Answer: secreting internally A sensory receptor that receives stimuli within the body - responds to position and movement - Answer: proprioceptors what are the 5 primary tastes? - Answer: sweet, salty, unami, bitter, sour what are the three divisions of the ANS - Answer: sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric hormone that acts on neighboring cells WITHOUT entering the bloodstream - Answer: paracrine clear liquid that is produced by the choroid plexus - Answer: CSF - cerebrospinalfluid Two hormones that regulate calcium homeostasis - Answer: PTH and calcitonin 3 parts of the brainstem - Answer: medulla, midbrain, pons What two hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary gland? - Answer: Oxycotin and ADH How does the lens of the eye focus on an image on the retina? - Answer: By changing the shape by muscles pulling on it What neurotransmitters are produced by the post-ganglion fibers of the sympathetic nervous system? - Answer: Epinephrine and norepinephrine Major functions of the hypothalamus - Answer: regulates ANS endocrine system behavior patterns hunger and thirst What hormone does the Anterior pituitary gland produce? - Answer: FSH What hormone does the adrenal cortex produce? - Answer: cortisol What structure does the infundibulum contain? - Answer: Hypophseal Where does the optic nerve connect to the eye? - Answer: Optic disc (blind spot) - no photoreceptor's What hormone causes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose? - Answer: Glucagon Where is the auditory area located? - Answer: Temporal lobe Receptor cells for hearing are located in the _____. - Answer: Cochlea What secretes T3 and T4? what do the numbers represent? - Answer: Thyroid // iodine What is the name of the inner most eye? What is found there? - Answer: Retina // Rods and cones the 4 cranial nerves that control the parasympathetic division of the ANS - Answer: 3,7,9,10 ( occulomotor, facial, vagus, glossopharyngeal) Name of the nerves that bypass the vertebral column - Answer: splacnic nerves Essay questions - pick one endocrine gland and one exocrine gland. Know that it secretes and how its regulated - Answer: NA Essay questions - Paracrine, autocrine, exocrine, endocrine. Explain the differences. - Answer: NA