PSYC 2301 Test #2 Review Verified Questions And
Answers
what is Learning and why is it said to be more or less permanent ANS It is a relative change in
behavior due to experience or practice. Its considered permeant because physical change in brain.
what are the elements of Classical conditioning ANS unconditioned stimulus- original naturally
occurring stimulus. unlearned. (food)
unconditioned response- unlearned reflex response (droll to food)
conditioned stimulus- paired with the unconditioned stimulus to bring a reflex or response (bell ringing)
conditioned response- the response to a conditioned stimulus that brings the same reflex as the
unconditioned response (drool)
neutral stimulus- something the person or thing has no response to before conditioning (bell or dish
before shown reaction to it)
who is the main person associate with classical conditioning ANS Ivan Pavlov was the physiologist
that discovered a dog's drooling to prove some reflexes, stimuli, and responses
what is Extinction and how is it tied to classical conditioning ANS dissappearing or weakening of a
learned response. following the removal of the unconditioned stimulus. (if bell rang numerous times
without food being brought. the dog stops reacting to bell so it is in the process of extinction.) this
happens after classical conditioning stops and is no longer practiced with the pairing of the unconditioned
stimuli and the neutral stimuli to produce the conditioned response.
when you get sick after drinking too much and cant be around alcohol anymore this is called what? ANS
conditioned taste aversion
what is operant conditioning ANS The type of learning that deals with voluntary behavior. what
happens after response. voluntary behavior learned through consequences.
what are the different types of reinforcement ANS primary and secondary reinforcers and positive and
negative reinforcers
, whats the difference between positive and negative reinforcement ANS positive- Addition of a
pleasurable stimulus. (dog sit give treat)
negative- removal, escape, or avoidance of aversive stimulus (don't have to do dishes if good)
what is the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers ANS primary- meets a basic
biological need or drive(meets hunger ,thirst, or touch)
secondary- reinforcing when paired with primary reinforcer (praise, token, gold stars, money)
what are the different kinds of punishment ANS punishment by application- when something
unpleasant is added to situation (spanking)
punishment by removal- when the removal of something pleasurable or desired after the behavior
occurs(grounding from car)
what is needed for punishment to be affective ANS must be:
immediately following behavior, consistent each time, and paired with reinforcing correct behavior (let
them know what they could have done)
what is shaping ANS a process in operant conditioning where small steps toward some ultimate goal
are reinforced until goal is reached.
what are the different schedules of reinforcement ANS fixed ratio- same # of responses is required to
get response(paid by every 100 envelopes stuffed)
variable ratio -# of responses you make required varies for each event.(slot machine)
fixed interval- same amount of time passes between reinforcement opportunity(get paid every 2 weeks no
matter how many stuffed envelopes)
variable interval- different amount of time passes between each reinforcement(fishing)
what is behavior modification ANS the use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired
changes in behavior. modify behavior and change it.
what are the different operant conditioning techniques in behavior modification ANS token economy-
desired behavior is rewarded with tokens that can later be cashed in for reward or punishment.
time out- form of punishment by removal
Answers
what is Learning and why is it said to be more or less permanent ANS It is a relative change in
behavior due to experience or practice. Its considered permeant because physical change in brain.
what are the elements of Classical conditioning ANS unconditioned stimulus- original naturally
occurring stimulus. unlearned. (food)
unconditioned response- unlearned reflex response (droll to food)
conditioned stimulus- paired with the unconditioned stimulus to bring a reflex or response (bell ringing)
conditioned response- the response to a conditioned stimulus that brings the same reflex as the
unconditioned response (drool)
neutral stimulus- something the person or thing has no response to before conditioning (bell or dish
before shown reaction to it)
who is the main person associate with classical conditioning ANS Ivan Pavlov was the physiologist
that discovered a dog's drooling to prove some reflexes, stimuli, and responses
what is Extinction and how is it tied to classical conditioning ANS dissappearing or weakening of a
learned response. following the removal of the unconditioned stimulus. (if bell rang numerous times
without food being brought. the dog stops reacting to bell so it is in the process of extinction.) this
happens after classical conditioning stops and is no longer practiced with the pairing of the unconditioned
stimuli and the neutral stimuli to produce the conditioned response.
when you get sick after drinking too much and cant be around alcohol anymore this is called what? ANS
conditioned taste aversion
what is operant conditioning ANS The type of learning that deals with voluntary behavior. what
happens after response. voluntary behavior learned through consequences.
what are the different types of reinforcement ANS primary and secondary reinforcers and positive and
negative reinforcers
, whats the difference between positive and negative reinforcement ANS positive- Addition of a
pleasurable stimulus. (dog sit give treat)
negative- removal, escape, or avoidance of aversive stimulus (don't have to do dishes if good)
what is the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers ANS primary- meets a basic
biological need or drive(meets hunger ,thirst, or touch)
secondary- reinforcing when paired with primary reinforcer (praise, token, gold stars, money)
what are the different kinds of punishment ANS punishment by application- when something
unpleasant is added to situation (spanking)
punishment by removal- when the removal of something pleasurable or desired after the behavior
occurs(grounding from car)
what is needed for punishment to be affective ANS must be:
immediately following behavior, consistent each time, and paired with reinforcing correct behavior (let
them know what they could have done)
what is shaping ANS a process in operant conditioning where small steps toward some ultimate goal
are reinforced until goal is reached.
what are the different schedules of reinforcement ANS fixed ratio- same # of responses is required to
get response(paid by every 100 envelopes stuffed)
variable ratio -# of responses you make required varies for each event.(slot machine)
fixed interval- same amount of time passes between reinforcement opportunity(get paid every 2 weeks no
matter how many stuffed envelopes)
variable interval- different amount of time passes between each reinforcement(fishing)
what is behavior modification ANS the use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired
changes in behavior. modify behavior and change it.
what are the different operant conditioning techniques in behavior modification ANS token economy-
desired behavior is rewarded with tokens that can later be cashed in for reward or punishment.
time out- form of punishment by removal
