CISSN Questions and Answers Verified by
Experts
What is a BOD-POD? DEXA? A body composition recording device that uses Air
Displacement Plethysmography.
DEXA: dual energy x-ray absorptiometer used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) to
measure bone loss
Compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Under what
conditions does one fuel source predominate over the other a. Fat oxidation primarily
occurs at low intensity long duration exercise
b. Carbohydrates are oxidized preferentially during higher intensity exercise
What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance? a. Betaine
supplementation may positively affect exercise performance through favorable lactate and
preferential fatty acid substrate metabolism
,b. Has been down to increase power, force, and maintenance
Chronic heavy resistance training causes what adaptations in skeletal
muscle a. Increase in muscle strength and size(hypertrophy)
b. Greater increase in type II muscle fibers
c. Shift in fiber type IIx to IIa
Regular aerobic training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle a. Increased oxidative
capacity, increased number and size of mitochondria,
increase in enzymes of metabolic pathways involved in oxidative metabolism
i. Succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, (krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle)
b. Induces a shift toward lipid metabolism transition from IIX to IIa
What has the greatest effect on the sedentary person's daily energy
,expenditure Resting Metabolic Rate
What activities or sports use ATP-PCr energy system as the main energy
system? a. Short, high intensity sports. I.E. sprinting, power lifting, high-jump, long-
jump
What dose of creatine, after creatine loading, will maintain elevated creatine levels for 28 days?
A typical creatine supplementation protocol of either a loading phase of 20 to 25 g CM/d
or 0.3 g CM/kg/d split into 4 to 5 daily intakes of 5 g each have been recommended to quickly
saturate creatine stores in the skeletal muscle. However a more moderate protocol where several
smaller doses of creatine are ingested along the day (20 intakes of 1 g every 30 min) could be a
better approach to get a maximal saturation of the intramuscular creatine store. In order to keep
the maximal saturation of body creatine, the loading phase must be followed by a maintenance
period of 3-5 g CM/d or 0.03 g CM/kg/d
What role do vitamins play in metabolism? Vitamins are the building blocks/precursors to
cell parts and enzymes
involved in substrate metabolism
, Where does most of the energy for ATP phosphorylation come from? From the energy in
the chemical bonds of the food we ingest
What does pre-exercise ingestion of glycerol do? a. Hyperhydration or water retention
b. Plasma volume increases
c. Exercising HR is reduced
d. Improved performance time.
What is the glucose-alanine cycle? Glucose-alanine cycle
During exercise, pyruvate is formed from the breakdown of glyocgen and glucose. Within the
muscle, BCAAs donate their amino group to pyruvate to form alanine. Alanine is transported to
the liver where it is used to regenerate glucose. Glucose can then be transported back to skeletal
muscle to be used for energy. Thus, BCAAS (especially leucine) help reform glucose during
fasting and prolonged exercise
Experts
What is a BOD-POD? DEXA? A body composition recording device that uses Air
Displacement Plethysmography.
DEXA: dual energy x-ray absorptiometer used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) to
measure bone loss
Compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Under what
conditions does one fuel source predominate over the other a. Fat oxidation primarily
occurs at low intensity long duration exercise
b. Carbohydrates are oxidized preferentially during higher intensity exercise
What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance? a. Betaine
supplementation may positively affect exercise performance through favorable lactate and
preferential fatty acid substrate metabolism
,b. Has been down to increase power, force, and maintenance
Chronic heavy resistance training causes what adaptations in skeletal
muscle a. Increase in muscle strength and size(hypertrophy)
b. Greater increase in type II muscle fibers
c. Shift in fiber type IIx to IIa
Regular aerobic training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle a. Increased oxidative
capacity, increased number and size of mitochondria,
increase in enzymes of metabolic pathways involved in oxidative metabolism
i. Succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, (krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle)
b. Induces a shift toward lipid metabolism transition from IIX to IIa
What has the greatest effect on the sedentary person's daily energy
,expenditure Resting Metabolic Rate
What activities or sports use ATP-PCr energy system as the main energy
system? a. Short, high intensity sports. I.E. sprinting, power lifting, high-jump, long-
jump
What dose of creatine, after creatine loading, will maintain elevated creatine levels for 28 days?
A typical creatine supplementation protocol of either a loading phase of 20 to 25 g CM/d
or 0.3 g CM/kg/d split into 4 to 5 daily intakes of 5 g each have been recommended to quickly
saturate creatine stores in the skeletal muscle. However a more moderate protocol where several
smaller doses of creatine are ingested along the day (20 intakes of 1 g every 30 min) could be a
better approach to get a maximal saturation of the intramuscular creatine store. In order to keep
the maximal saturation of body creatine, the loading phase must be followed by a maintenance
period of 3-5 g CM/d or 0.03 g CM/kg/d
What role do vitamins play in metabolism? Vitamins are the building blocks/precursors to
cell parts and enzymes
involved in substrate metabolism
, Where does most of the energy for ATP phosphorylation come from? From the energy in
the chemical bonds of the food we ingest
What does pre-exercise ingestion of glycerol do? a. Hyperhydration or water retention
b. Plasma volume increases
c. Exercising HR is reduced
d. Improved performance time.
What is the glucose-alanine cycle? Glucose-alanine cycle
During exercise, pyruvate is formed from the breakdown of glyocgen and glucose. Within the
muscle, BCAAs donate their amino group to pyruvate to form alanine. Alanine is transported to
the liver where it is used to regenerate glucose. Glucose can then be transported back to skeletal
muscle to be used for energy. Thus, BCAAS (especially leucine) help reform glucose during
fasting and prolonged exercise
