CGSS Questions with Complete Solutions
What is the significance of the USA Patriot act to the field of anti-money laundering? The
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and
Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act) was enacted on October 26, 2001. This
historic US law brought about momentous changes in the anti-money laundering field, including
more than 50 amendments to the Bank Secrecy Act. Title III of the act, the International Money
Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001, contains most, but not all, of its
anti-money laundering-related provisions.
How do sanctions relate to terrorist activities? Terrorist organizations require funding for
training, recruiting, and paying stipends to terrorists and their surviving family members.
Although terrorist groups may not be dissuaded by sanctions from pursuing their agendas, the
use of economic sanctions can dissuade states from providing refuge and material support to
terrorist groups.
In 1999, the UN Security Council established a sanctions regime that targeted individuals and
entities affiliated with Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. These sanctions have been expanded to include
individuals and entities affiliated with ISIS.
,Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the UN passed UNSCR 1373, which obliged all of
its Member States to sanction terrorist activity. Subsequent resolutions have built on UNSCR
1373 for the purposes of countering terrorist financing.
How can sanctions serve to prevent the misappropriation of state resources? One of the
purposes of sanctions is to freeze and return resources that have been misappropriated by
kleptocrats (i.e., corrupt leaders who exploit the people and resources of a state for personal
gain). As such, sanctions can aim to prevent corrupt officials from embezzling and from
accessing financial services in order to illegally launder money taken while they were ruling their
countries.
Are autonomous sanctions only implemented by single governments? If yes, give an example of
a single government that has autonomous sanctions. If not, give an example of a different entity
that has autonomous sanctions. No. Autonomous sanctions can be employed
by a single entity or government, such as Australia, or a coalition of governments, such as the
EU, acting to enforce a sanctions regime. Most countries have their own version of autonomous,
unilateral sanctions. However, the EU also has autonomous sanctions. These occur when its
Council decides to impose sanctions on its own initiative. Although most countries in the EU do
not rely on autonomous sanctions, choosing instead to rely on the EU framework, EU member
countries, in turn, can have their own autonomous sanctions, such as when Latvia passed a
version of the US's Magnitsky Act in 2018, imposing travel restrictions on 49 Russian citizens.
,Define the concept of globalization Globalization refers to the integration of national
economic, trade, and communication operations by businesses engaging in international trade.
Globalization generally includes the enlarging of national perspectives to international and
interdependent perspectives of society. It advocates a freer transfer of goods, services, and assets
across national and international boundaries. It is believed that globalization may limit the
effectiveness of sanctions because a globalized market makes it easier to replace and reroute
trade channels.
What are multilateral sanctions Multilateral sanctions are restrictions supported by more
than one country or entity. These can be imposed by allies against a common enemy or for the
purpose of realizing a greater economic and punitive impact. Multilateral sanctions, such as
those imposed by the UN, are generally more effective than unilateral sanctions in achieving a
foreign policy objective.
Define unilateral sanctions Unilateral sanctions are sanctions imposed by a single country
against a targeted entity These types of sanctions are generally considered less effective than
multilateral sanctions, although they do serve to target specific offensive practices on behalf of
imposing nations.
, For example, the Magnitsky Act in the US allows for unilateral, global sanctions to be imposed
on human rights offenders. Assets can be frozen, and offenders may be barred from entering the
US. In the 1980s, Australia autonomously banned shipments of uranium to France
With few exceptions (for example, the EU), unilateral sanctions are typically referred to as
autonomous sanctions
In the context of sanctions, what is the significance of articles 41, 25, and 48 of Chapter VII of
the UN's founding charter? Article 41 of Chapter VII of the UN's founding charter
establishes the right to impose sanctions as a measure to achieve international peace and security.
After the UN Security Council adopts a resolution, it is legally binding under Articles 25 and 48
of the UN Charter. Article 25 requires Member States to "accept and carry out the decisions of
the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter."
Article 48 of the Charter constitutes an affirmation of states' obligation under Article 25 of the
Charter to accept binding decisions by the Council. Article 48 (1) allows the Council to limit
such duties to selected members, and (2) makes an attempt to co-opt other international
organizations into the United Nations peacekeeping system.
What is the significance of the USA Patriot act to the field of anti-money laundering? The
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and
Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act) was enacted on October 26, 2001. This
historic US law brought about momentous changes in the anti-money laundering field, including
more than 50 amendments to the Bank Secrecy Act. Title III of the act, the International Money
Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001, contains most, but not all, of its
anti-money laundering-related provisions.
How do sanctions relate to terrorist activities? Terrorist organizations require funding for
training, recruiting, and paying stipends to terrorists and their surviving family members.
Although terrorist groups may not be dissuaded by sanctions from pursuing their agendas, the
use of economic sanctions can dissuade states from providing refuge and material support to
terrorist groups.
In 1999, the UN Security Council established a sanctions regime that targeted individuals and
entities affiliated with Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. These sanctions have been expanded to include
individuals and entities affiliated with ISIS.
,Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the UN passed UNSCR 1373, which obliged all of
its Member States to sanction terrorist activity. Subsequent resolutions have built on UNSCR
1373 for the purposes of countering terrorist financing.
How can sanctions serve to prevent the misappropriation of state resources? One of the
purposes of sanctions is to freeze and return resources that have been misappropriated by
kleptocrats (i.e., corrupt leaders who exploit the people and resources of a state for personal
gain). As such, sanctions can aim to prevent corrupt officials from embezzling and from
accessing financial services in order to illegally launder money taken while they were ruling their
countries.
Are autonomous sanctions only implemented by single governments? If yes, give an example of
a single government that has autonomous sanctions. If not, give an example of a different entity
that has autonomous sanctions. No. Autonomous sanctions can be employed
by a single entity or government, such as Australia, or a coalition of governments, such as the
EU, acting to enforce a sanctions regime. Most countries have their own version of autonomous,
unilateral sanctions. However, the EU also has autonomous sanctions. These occur when its
Council decides to impose sanctions on its own initiative. Although most countries in the EU do
not rely on autonomous sanctions, choosing instead to rely on the EU framework, EU member
countries, in turn, can have their own autonomous sanctions, such as when Latvia passed a
version of the US's Magnitsky Act in 2018, imposing travel restrictions on 49 Russian citizens.
,Define the concept of globalization Globalization refers to the integration of national
economic, trade, and communication operations by businesses engaging in international trade.
Globalization generally includes the enlarging of national perspectives to international and
interdependent perspectives of society. It advocates a freer transfer of goods, services, and assets
across national and international boundaries. It is believed that globalization may limit the
effectiveness of sanctions because a globalized market makes it easier to replace and reroute
trade channels.
What are multilateral sanctions Multilateral sanctions are restrictions supported by more
than one country or entity. These can be imposed by allies against a common enemy or for the
purpose of realizing a greater economic and punitive impact. Multilateral sanctions, such as
those imposed by the UN, are generally more effective than unilateral sanctions in achieving a
foreign policy objective.
Define unilateral sanctions Unilateral sanctions are sanctions imposed by a single country
against a targeted entity These types of sanctions are generally considered less effective than
multilateral sanctions, although they do serve to target specific offensive practices on behalf of
imposing nations.
, For example, the Magnitsky Act in the US allows for unilateral, global sanctions to be imposed
on human rights offenders. Assets can be frozen, and offenders may be barred from entering the
US. In the 1980s, Australia autonomously banned shipments of uranium to France
With few exceptions (for example, the EU), unilateral sanctions are typically referred to as
autonomous sanctions
In the context of sanctions, what is the significance of articles 41, 25, and 48 of Chapter VII of
the UN's founding charter? Article 41 of Chapter VII of the UN's founding charter
establishes the right to impose sanctions as a measure to achieve international peace and security.
After the UN Security Council adopts a resolution, it is legally binding under Articles 25 and 48
of the UN Charter. Article 25 requires Member States to "accept and carry out the decisions of
the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter."
Article 48 of the Charter constitutes an affirmation of states' obligation under Article 25 of the
Charter to accept binding decisions by the Council. Article 48 (1) allows the Council to limit
such duties to selected members, and (2) makes an attempt to co-opt other international
organizations into the United Nations peacekeeping system.
