NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025

NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
AAbodybuilder'sAmusclesAwillAdisplayAhyperplasia.A-AcorrectAanswers-False
BarrettAesophagus
AisAanAexampleAofAdysplasiaA-AcorrectAanswers-false

hypertrophyAisAanAincreaseAinAtheAsizeAofAanAorganAorAtissueAcausedAbyAanAincreaseAinAthe
AnumberAofAcellsA-AcorrectAanswers-True

LackAofAnerveAstimulationAcanAcauseAcellsAtoAatrophyA-AcorrectAanswers-True
proportionAofApeopleAwithAaAdiseaseAwhoAareApositiveAforAtheAdiseaseA-AcorrectAanswers-
sensitivity
howAlikelyAtheAsameAresultAwillAoccurAifArepeatedA-AcorrectAanswers-reliability
howAaAtoolAmeasuresAwhatAitAisAintendedAtoAmeasureA-AcorrectAanswers-validity
peopleAwithoutAtheAdiseaseAwhoAareAnegativeAonAaAgivenAtestA-AcorrectAanswers-
specificity
WhichAisANOTAtrueAofAtheAcytoskeleton?A-AcorrectAanswers-
itAincludesAperoxisomesAandAproteasomes
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAareAtrueAofAtheAcell?ASelectAallAthatAapply.A-AcorrectAanswers-
1:AProteinsAcarryAoutAtheAfunctionsAofAtheAcellAmembrane
2:LysosomesAareAtheAdigestiveAsystemAofAtheAcell
3:MicrofilamentsAareAthin,AthreadlikeAcytoplasmicAstructures
WhichAareAtrueAofAtheAcellAmembrane?ASelectAallAthatAapply.A-AcorrectAanswers-
1:AControlsAtheAtransportAofAmaterialsAfromAtheAoutsideAfluidsAtoAwithin
2:HelpsAwithAtheAconductionAofAelectricalAcurrentsAinAnerveAandAmuscleAcells
3:AAidsAinAtheAregulationAofAcellAgrowthAandAproliferation
WhichAareAfalseAofAtheAmitochondria?ASelectAallAthatAapply.A-AcorrectAanswers-
1:ATheyAareAfoundAfarAfromAtheAsiteAofAenergyAconsumption.
2:TheyAcontrolAfreeAradicals.
HighAbloodApressureAisAanAexampleAofAwhichAofAtheAfollowing?A-AcorrectAanswers-
pathophysiology
AApatientAcomplainsAofAchestApainAandAanAelevatedAbloodApressure.AWhatAareAtheseAexa
mplesAof?A-AcorrectAanswers-signsAandAsymptoms
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAisAtrueAofAaAtest'sAsensitivity?A-AcorrectAanswers-
IfAnegative,AitAcanAsafelyAbeAassumedAthatAtheApersonAdoesAnotAhaveAaAdisease
ChemicalAagentsA(poison,Aalcohol)AareAexamplesAofAwhichAofAtheAfollowing?A-
AcorrectAanswers-EtiologicAfactors

DefineAtertiaryApreventionAandAgiveAanAexample:A-AcorrectAanswers-
TertiaryApreventionAoccursAafterAaAdiseaseAhasAbeenAdiagnosedAandAclinicalAinterventionAi
sAneededAtoAreduceAcomplicationsAorAdeterioration.AOneAexampleAisAtheAuseAofAcertainAm
edicationsAoneAmustAtakeAafterAaAheartAattackAtoAhelpAreduceAtheAriskAofAaAfutureAeventAorA
death.
CompareAandAcontrastAtheAtwoAtypesAofAgangrenousAnecrosis.A-AcorrectAanswers-
InAdryAgangreneAtheAaffectedAtissueAbecomesAdryAandAshrinks,AtheAskinAwrinkles,AandAitsAc

,olorAchangesAtoAdarkAbrownAorAblack.ATheAspreadAofAdryAgangreneAisAslow.AItAresultsAfromA
aAcutAoffAinAarterialAbloodAsupplyAandAisAaAformAofAcoagulationAnecrosis.AInAwetAgangrene,At
heAaffectedAareaAisAcold,Aswollen,AandApulseless.ATheAskinAisAmoist,Ablack,AandAunderAten
sion.ABlebsAformAonAtheAsurface,AliquefactionAoccurs,AandAaAfoulAodorAisAcausedAbyAbacteri
alAaction.ATheAspreadAofAtissueAdamageAisArapid.
ExplainAwhatAnecrosisAisAandAgiveAanAexampleAandAdescriptionAofAoneAtypeAofAnecrosis.A-
AcorrectAanswers-

necrosisAisAcellAdeathAtoAanAorganAorAtissueAwithAstillAbeingAapartAofAaAlivingAperson.AAnAex
ampleAofAthisAwouldAbeAluiquefactiveAnecrosis.AthisAisAwhenAtheAcellsAdieAandAtheAcatalyticA
enzymesAdoAnotAgetAdestroyedAafterAtheAcellsAdeath.AThisAcouldAcauseAnecrosis
sunburnA-AcorrectAanswers-radiationAinjury
obesityA-AcorrectAanswers-nutritionalAimbalances
reactiveAoxygenAspeciesA-AcorrectAanswers-freeAradicalAinjury
lowAoxygenAtoAtissuesA-AcorrectAanswers-hypoxicAcellAinjury
fracturesA-AcorrectAanswers-physicalAagents
OTCAdrugsA-AcorrectAanswers-ChemicalAinjury
hypothermiaA-AcorrectAanswers-physicalAagents
radiationAtreatmentA-AcorrectAanswers-radiationAinjury
leadAtoxicityA-AcorrectAanswers-chemicalAinjury
bacteriaA-AcorrectAanswers-biologicAagents
ListAtheA4AtypesAofAtissueAfoundAinAtheAbody.APickA2AandAgiveAaAdescriptionAandAexampleAo
fAeach.A-AcorrectAanswers-EpithelialAtissue-
AcoversAtheAbody'sAouterAsurface,AitAisAavascularAandAgetsAitsAo2AfromAtheAcapillariesAfound

AinAtheAneighboringAconnectiveAtissues,AandAexampleAofAthisAisAsimpleAsquamousAtissueAw

hichAmeansAoneAlayerAofAthinAcells.
MuscularAtissue
NervousAtissue-
AisAfoundAallAthroughoutAtheAbody,AhelpsAwithAcommunicationAbetweenAtissuesAandAtheAce

ntralAnervousAsystem.AitAaidsAinAtheAfunctionsAofAtheAbodyAdueAtoAinternalAandAexternalAsti
muli,AhelpsAwithAmovement,AandAelectricalAsignaling.AneuronsAareAanAexampleAofAthis,Athe
yAaidAinAcommunicatingAtoAotherAcellsAinAtheAbody,AtheyAareAheldAandAsupportedAbyAglialAc
ells.
ConnectiveAtissue
WhatAtermAmeansA"cellAeating"AandAengulfsAandAthenAkillsAmicroorganismsAorAotherApartic
ulateAmatter?A-AcorrectAanswers-Phagocytosis
WhatAisAtheAtermAtoAdescribeAwhenAcellsAuseAenergyAtoAmoveAionsAagainstAanAelectricalAor
AchemicalAgradient?A-AcorrectAanswers-ActiveAtransport

GiveAoneAfunctionAofAaAmembraneApotential:A-AcorrectAanswers-
GenerateAnerveAimpulse,AmuscleAcontractions,AorAcauseAhormoneAsecretion
WhatAisAtheAtermAthatAbestAdescribesAtheAfollowingAprocess?
AAtransportAproteinAaidingAaAlipidAinsolubleAorAlargeAmoleculeAacrossAtheAcellAmembraneAt
hatAwouldAotherwiseAnotAbeAableAtoApassAthroughAonAitsAown.A-AcorrectAanswers-
facilitatedAdiffusion
BloodAtestsAforAtumorAmarkersAcanAmakeAaAdiagnosisAofAcancer.AWhyAorAwhyAnot?A-
AcorrectAanswers-

, False,AonlyAtissueAcanAdiagnose.ATumorAmarkersAareAhelpfulAtoAassessAresponseAtoAthera
pyAorAreoccurrence.
TissueAbiopsyAisAofAcriticalAimportanceAinAwhatArole?A-AcorrectAanswers-
DiagnosingAtheAcorrectAcancerAandAhistology.
ExplainAtheATNMAsystem:A-AcorrectAanswers-
TAisAtheAsizeAandAlocalAspreadAofAtheAprimaryAtumor.
NAisAtheAinvolvementAofAtheAregionalAlymphAnodes.
MAisAtheAextentAofAtheAmetastaticAinvolvement.
ListAtwoAsignsAorAsymptomsAaApatientAmayApresentAwithAthatAmightAindicateAaAcancerAdiag
nosis:A-AcorrectAanswers-fatigue,Aanemia
WhatAareAtwoAsystemicAmanifestationsAofAcancerAexhibitedAbyAcancerApatients?A-
AcorrectAanswers-

WeightAloss,AwastingAofAbodyAfatAandAmuscleAtissue,Aweakness,Aanorexia,AandAanemia,Afa
tigue,AsleepAdisturbances
WhenAwouldAsurgeryAbeAappropriateAinAtheAtreatmentAofAcancer?A-AcorrectAanswers-
ifAitAisAaAsolidAtumorAandAhasAclearAmargins
MostAchemotherapeuticAdrugsAcauseApancytopeniaAdueAtoAboneAmarrowAsuppression.AW
hatAareAtheA3ApossibleAadverseAoutcomesAofAthis?A-AcorrectAanswers-
lossAofARBCs,AWBCs,AandAplatelets,Aanemia,AandAhemolysis
CellAproliferationAisAtheAprocessAinAwhichAproliferatingAcellsAbecomeAmoreAspecializedAcell
Atypes.A-AcorrectAanswers-false

CellAdifferentiationAisAtheAprocessAinAwhichAproliferatingAcellsAbecomeAmoreAspecializedAc
ellAtypes.
Correct!A-AcorrectAanswers-True
WhatAareAtwoAimportantApropertiesAthatAstemAcellsApossess?A-AcorrectAanswers-
PotencyAandAself-renewal
WhichAofAtheAfollowingAareAmostAlikelyAtoAhaveAarisenAfromAanAadultAstemAcell?A-
AcorrectAanswers-Epithelial

DefineApolyp.AAreAtheyAbenignAorAmalignant?A-AcorrectAanswers-
AApolypAisAaAgrowthAthatAprojectsAfromAaAmucosalAsurface,AsuchAasAtheAintestine.AAApolypA
canAbeAbenignAorAmalignant
WhatAareAnormalAgenesAcalledAthatAbecomeAcancer-causingAifAmutated?A-
AcorrectAanswers-protooncogenes

WhatAtypeAofAgeneAisAinvolvedAinArepairingAdamagedADNA?A-AcorrectAanswers-
TumorAsuppressorAgene
AA40-year-
oldAwomanAhasAexperiencedAheavyAmenstrualAbleeding.ASheAwasAtoldAsheAhasAaAuterineAt
umorAcalledAaAleiomyoma.ASheAisAworriedAsheAhasAcancer.AWhatAdoAyouAtellAher?AExplainA
atAleastA2AdifferencesAbetweenAaAbenignAandAmalignantAtumorA-AcorrectAanswers-
iAwouldAexplainAtoAherAthatAitAisAaAbenignAtumor,AandAthatAthereAisAnothingAtoAworryAabout
1AbenignAtumorsAgrowAbyAexpansionAandAareAusuallyAencapsulated;AwhileAmalignantAtum
orsAgrowAbyAinvadingAandAtakingAoverAtissue
2:AbenignAtissueAisAwellAdifferentiatedAandAlooksAlikeAtheAtissueAofAorigin,AwhileAmalignantA
cellsAareAundifferentiatedAandAareAatypicalAandAdoAnotAlookAlikeAtheAtissuesAofAorigin.
AA50-year-
oldAwomanAwasAdiagnosedAwithAbreastAcancerAfromAtissueAbiopsyAfollowingAherAdiagnosti