NURS 231 Pathophys Module 5 Questions with Answers

NURS 231 Pathophys Module 5 Questions
with Answers 2025-2026
TheArespiratoryAsystemAcanAbeAdividedAintoAwhatA2Astructures?A-AcorrectAanswers-
ConductingAairwaysAandArespiratoryAtissues
WhatAareAtheAlevelsAofAbranching?A-AcorrectAanswers-
Trachea,Abronchi,Abronchioles,Aalveoli
WhereAisAtheAsiteAofAgasAexchange?A-AcorrectAanswers-Alveoli
WhatAcellsAareAinAtheAalveolarAepithelium?A-AcorrectAanswers-
TypeA1AandAIIAalveolarAcells,Amacrophages
DescribeAwhatAhappensAduringAinspirationAandAexpiration:A-AcorrectAanswers-
DuringAinspiration,AairAisAdrawnAintoAtheAlungsAasAtheArespiratoryAmusclesAexpandAtheAche
stAcavity.ADuringAexpiration,AairAmovesAoutAofAtheAlungsAasAtheAchestAmusclesArelaxAandAth
eAchestAcavityAbecomesAsmaller.
WhatAoccursAwithAtheAdiaphragmAduringAinspirationAandAexpiration?A-AcorrectAanswers-
TheAdiaphragmAisAtheAmainAmuscleAofAinspiration.AWhenAtheAdiaphragmAcontractsA(inspira
tion),AtheAchestAexpands.AUponAexpiration,AtheAchestAcavityAdecreasesAandApressureAinsid
eAincreases.
WhatAisAlungAcompliance?AWhatAfactorsAaffectAit?A-AcorrectAanswers-
LungAcomplianceAisAtheAeaseAwithAwhichAlungsAcanAbeAinflated.AElastin,Acollagen,AelasticAr
ecoil,AandAsurfaceAtensionAcanAaffectAlungAcompliance.
LungAVolumesA-AcorrectAanswers-
TheAamountAofAairAexchangedAfromAaAsingleAeventAduringAventilationA(measureAbyAaAspiro
meter)
TidalAVolumeA(Vt)A-AcorrectAanswers-
normalAvolumeAofAairAinhaledAorAexhaledAwithAeachAbreath
InspiratoryAReserveAVolumeA(IRV)A-AcorrectAanswers-
amountAofAairAthatAcanAbeAforcefullyAinhaledAafterAtakingAaAnormalAbreath
ExpiratoryAReserveAVolumeA(ERV)A-AcorrectAanswers-
AmountAofAairAthatAcanAbeAforcefullyAexhaledAafterAtakingAaAnormalAbreath
ResidualAVolumeA(RV)A-AcorrectAanswers-
AirAremainingAinAtheAlungsAafterAforcedAexpirationA(cantAbeAmeasuredAwithAspirometer)
VitalACapacityA(VC)A-AcorrectAanswers-
amountAofAairAthatAcanAbeAexhaledAafterAmaximalAinhalation.A(VC=VtA+AIRVA+AERV)
InspiratoryACapacityA(IC)A-AcorrectAanswers-
MaxAamountAofAairAthatAcanAbeAinhaledAfollowingAaAnormalAexpirationA(IC=AVtA+AIRV)
FunctionalAResidualACapacityA(FRC)A-AcorrectAanswers-
theAamountAofAairAthatAremainsAinAtheAlungsAafterAaAnormalAexpirationA(FRC=ARVA+AERV)
TotalALungACapacityA(TLC)A-AcorrectAanswers-
sumAofAallAlungAvolumesA(TLC=AIRVA+AVtA+AERVA+ARV)
pulmonaryAfunctionAtestsA-AcorrectAanswers-
ObserveApulmonaryAflowAinArelationAtoAtime.AUsedAtoAdiagnoseArespiratoryAdiseaseAorAto

, examineArespiratoryAcomplaints.AOrAcanAbeAusedAasAaApreAopAanesthesiaAorAsurgicalAriskA
evaluation
MaximumAvoluntaryAventilationA-AcorrectAanswers-
measuresAvolumeAofAairAaApersonAcanAmoveAinAandAoutAofAtheAlungsAunderAmaxAeffortAin
12-15AsecondsA(L/min)
ForcedAExpiratoryAVolumeA(FEV)A-AcorrectAanswers-
measuresAvolumeAofAairAthatAcanAbeAquicklyAandAforcefullyAexhaledAfollowingAfull
inspirationA(toAtotalAlungAcapacity)
ForcedAinspiratoryAvitalAflowA(FIF)A-AcorrectAanswers-
measuresArespiratoryAresponseAduringArapidAmaximalAinspiration
VentilationA-AcorrectAanswers-theAmovementAofAgasesAintoAandAoutAofAtheAlungs
PerfusionA-AcorrectAanswers-
theAprocessAthatAallowsAbloodAflowAtoAhelpAfacilitateAgasAexchange
DiffusionA-AcorrectAanswers-theAmovementAofAgasesAacrossAtheAalveolar-
capillaryAmembrane.
ShuntA-AcorrectAanswers-
whenAbloodAmovesAfromApulmonaryAcirculationA(rightAsideAofAheart)AwithoutAbeing
oxygenated

ThisAresultsAinAperfusionAwithoutAventilation—lowAventilation-perfusionAratio
DeadAairAspaceA-AcorrectAanswers-
ventilationAwithoutAperfusion,AresultingAinAhighAventilation-perfusionAratio
WhatAisAoxyhemoglobin?A-AcorrectAanswers-
OxyhemoglobinAisAtheAtermAtoAdescribeAwhenAhemoglobinAisAboundAwithAoxygen.
WhatAisAaffinity?A-AcorrectAanswers-
TheAabilityAofAtheAhemoglobinAmoleculeAtoAbindAoxygenAinAtheAlungsAandAreleaseAitAinAtheAt
issuesAdependsAonAtheAaffinityAofAtheAmolecule.
HowAisAcarbonAdioxideAtransportedAinAtheAblood?A-AcorrectAanswers-
AsAdissolvedAcarbonAdioxide,AattachedAtoAhemoglobin,AbecomesAbicarbonate
HowAisAbreathingAcontrolled?A-AcorrectAanswers-
TheAautomaticAregulationAisAcontrolledAbyAbothAchemoreceptorsAandAlungAreceptors.AChe
moreceptorsAmonitorAbloodAlevelsAofAoxygen,AcarbonAdioxide,AandApHAandAadjustsAventila
tionAaccordingly.ALungAreceptorsAmonitorAbreathingApatternsAandAlungAfunction.
WhatAareAtheAcharacteristicsAofACOPD?A-AcorrectAanswers-
TheApathogenesisAofACOPDAincludesAinflammationAandAfibrosisAofAtheAbronchialAwall,Ahyp
ertrophyAofAtheAsubmucosalAglandsAandAhypersecretionAofAmucus,AandAlossAofAelasticAlun
gAfibersAandAalveolarAtissue.AThisAairflowAobstructionAcausesAaAmismatchAinAventilationAan
dAperfusion.AAlveolarAtissueAdestructionAleadsAtoAaAdecreasedAsurfaceAareaAforAgasAexcha
nge.
WhatAisAtheAleadingAriskAfactorAforACOPD?A-AcorrectAanswers-Smoking
BeAfamiliarAwithAtheAdiseaseApathology,AclinicalApresentation,Adiagnosis,AandAtreatmentAof
ACOPD.A-AcorrectAanswers-

1.APathology:AinflammationAandAfibrosisAofAtheAbronchialAwall,AhypertrophyAofAtheAsubmuc
osalAglandsAandAhypersecretionAofAmucus,AandAlossAofAelasticAlungAfibersAandAalveolarAtis
sue.AThisAairflowAobstructionAcausesAaAmismatchAinAventilationAandAperfusion.AAlveolarAtis
sueAdestructionAleadsAtoAaAdecreasedAsurfaceAareaAforAgasAexchange.