NR 322 Pediatrics Test 1 Questions With
Complete Answers
Informed Consent - ANSWER Healthcare provider must obtain
Nurse's Role:
Review rights of minor
Serve as witness to the signature
Erickson's Psychosocial Stages:
1st year of life - ANSWER 1st: trust vs mistrust
2nd: autonomy vs doubt
3rd - 5th: initiative vs guilt
6th year - puberty: industry vs inferiority
adolescence: identity vs confusion
early adulthood: intimacy vs isolation
middle age adult: generativity vs self absorption
aging years: integrity vs despair
Kohlberg Levels of Moral Development - ANSWER preconventional:
stage 1 punishment obedience orientation
stage 2 instrumental relativist orientation
conventional:
stage 3 interpersonal concordance orientation
stage 4 authority and social-order maintaining orientation
postconventional autonomous, or principled:
stage 5 social-contract legalistic orientation
,stage 6 universal ethical principal orientation
Adolescense assessment - ANSWER Adolescence assessment
HEEADSS
Home environment
Education and employment
Eating
peer related Activities
Drugs
Sexuality
Suicide/Depression
Safety from injury/violence
Immunity: Active - ANSWER exposed to disease, develop own antibodies - fight the
disease when actually expose
Immunity: Passive (temporary) - ANSWER Given antibodies like IgG from another host
when child needs antibodies faster than can make them.
cephalocauda - ANSWER Directional - Head to toe
proximodistal - ANSWER Trunk to tips
Infant Physical
Growth and Development:
proportional changes
newborn head - ANSWER Proportional changes:
,5 to 7 ounces of weight gain every week
Double birth weight by 6 months
Triple birth weight by 1 yr
Height increases by 1 inch per month for 6 months
Signs of tooth eruption at 5 months
Newborn Head:
Assess contour of head
Assess fontanels
Anterior (closes 12-18 months)
Posterior (closes by 2 months)
Head Control:
Complete head lag at 1 mo
Partial Head lag at 2 mos
Almost no head lag at 4 mos (should be no head lag at 5 mos)
Infant Reflexes - ANSWER Parachute: Suspend in horizontal prone position, suddenly
thrust downward. Hands and fingers extend forward. Appears 7-9 Months. Persists
indefinitely.
Tonic Neck: While infant sleeping gently turn head to one side. Arm and leg of that side
extend while others flex. Disappears at 3-4 months.
Rooting: Touch / stroke cheek along side of mouth. Use nipple during breast feeding.
Turns head toward nipple. Disappears at 3-4 months.
Palmar-Plantar Grasp: Place finger in palm of newborn or at base of toes. Fingers and
Toes curl downward. Palmar disappears at 3-4 months. Plantar at 8 months.
, Moro Reflex: Hold in semi-sitting position, allow head and trunk to fall backwards 30
degrees. Newborn symmetrically abducts and extends arms. Fans Fingers and forms C
with thumb and finger. Then adducts the arms to an embrace. Then returns to normal.
Disappears by 3-4 months. If persist may be neurological problems.
Babinski: Stroke upward from heel along lateral aspect. And across ball of foot. Toes
hyperextend and big toe dorsiflexes. Disappears at 12 months
Infant Gross/Fine Motor Development: - ANSWER Gross Motor Development:
5 - 6 months: Rolls over
8 months: Sits steadily unsupported
9 months: Pulls self up and holds onto furniture
10 months: Moves from prone to sitting position
12 months: Walks with one hand held or "cruises"
Fine Motor Development:
1 month : Grasp Reflex strong
4 months: Grasps object with both hands
7 months: Transfers object between hands
10 months: Pincer grasp
11 months: Removes objects from container
12 months: Builds tower of two blocks
Newborn-Infant Nutrition - ANSWER Cereal around 4 months (gives iron)
Baby food around 5-6 months
No more than 30 oz. formula per day
Mashed table food at 6-7 months
No citrus, milk, eggs until over 1 yr. old
Complete Answers
Informed Consent - ANSWER Healthcare provider must obtain
Nurse's Role:
Review rights of minor
Serve as witness to the signature
Erickson's Psychosocial Stages:
1st year of life - ANSWER 1st: trust vs mistrust
2nd: autonomy vs doubt
3rd - 5th: initiative vs guilt
6th year - puberty: industry vs inferiority
adolescence: identity vs confusion
early adulthood: intimacy vs isolation
middle age adult: generativity vs self absorption
aging years: integrity vs despair
Kohlberg Levels of Moral Development - ANSWER preconventional:
stage 1 punishment obedience orientation
stage 2 instrumental relativist orientation
conventional:
stage 3 interpersonal concordance orientation
stage 4 authority and social-order maintaining orientation
postconventional autonomous, or principled:
stage 5 social-contract legalistic orientation
,stage 6 universal ethical principal orientation
Adolescense assessment - ANSWER Adolescence assessment
HEEADSS
Home environment
Education and employment
Eating
peer related Activities
Drugs
Sexuality
Suicide/Depression
Safety from injury/violence
Immunity: Active - ANSWER exposed to disease, develop own antibodies - fight the
disease when actually expose
Immunity: Passive (temporary) - ANSWER Given antibodies like IgG from another host
when child needs antibodies faster than can make them.
cephalocauda - ANSWER Directional - Head to toe
proximodistal - ANSWER Trunk to tips
Infant Physical
Growth and Development:
proportional changes
newborn head - ANSWER Proportional changes:
,5 to 7 ounces of weight gain every week
Double birth weight by 6 months
Triple birth weight by 1 yr
Height increases by 1 inch per month for 6 months
Signs of tooth eruption at 5 months
Newborn Head:
Assess contour of head
Assess fontanels
Anterior (closes 12-18 months)
Posterior (closes by 2 months)
Head Control:
Complete head lag at 1 mo
Partial Head lag at 2 mos
Almost no head lag at 4 mos (should be no head lag at 5 mos)
Infant Reflexes - ANSWER Parachute: Suspend in horizontal prone position, suddenly
thrust downward. Hands and fingers extend forward. Appears 7-9 Months. Persists
indefinitely.
Tonic Neck: While infant sleeping gently turn head to one side. Arm and leg of that side
extend while others flex. Disappears at 3-4 months.
Rooting: Touch / stroke cheek along side of mouth. Use nipple during breast feeding.
Turns head toward nipple. Disappears at 3-4 months.
Palmar-Plantar Grasp: Place finger in palm of newborn or at base of toes. Fingers and
Toes curl downward. Palmar disappears at 3-4 months. Plantar at 8 months.
, Moro Reflex: Hold in semi-sitting position, allow head and trunk to fall backwards 30
degrees. Newborn symmetrically abducts and extends arms. Fans Fingers and forms C
with thumb and finger. Then adducts the arms to an embrace. Then returns to normal.
Disappears by 3-4 months. If persist may be neurological problems.
Babinski: Stroke upward from heel along lateral aspect. And across ball of foot. Toes
hyperextend and big toe dorsiflexes. Disappears at 12 months
Infant Gross/Fine Motor Development: - ANSWER Gross Motor Development:
5 - 6 months: Rolls over
8 months: Sits steadily unsupported
9 months: Pulls self up and holds onto furniture
10 months: Moves from prone to sitting position
12 months: Walks with one hand held or "cruises"
Fine Motor Development:
1 month : Grasp Reflex strong
4 months: Grasps object with both hands
7 months: Transfers object between hands
10 months: Pincer grasp
11 months: Removes objects from container
12 months: Builds tower of two blocks
Newborn-Infant Nutrition - ANSWER Cereal around 4 months (gives iron)
Baby food around 5-6 months
No more than 30 oz. formula per day
Mashed table food at 6-7 months
No citrus, milk, eggs until over 1 yr. old
