CLIN MED 3 (INCONTINENCE, OAB, URINARY RETENTION,
PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE) EXAM 2025
1. Describe the role of pelvic floor exercises in managing stress
incontinence.
Pelvic floor exercises increase bladder capacity, allowing for
longer intervals between urination.
Pelvic floor exercises are designed to relax the bladder muscles.
Pelvic floor exercises are primarily used to treat urinary tract
infections.
Pelvic floor exercises strengthen the muscles that support the
bladder, helping to reduce episodes of incontinence.
2. Describe how pelvic muscle exercises (PMEs) can help manage pelvic
organ prolapse.
Pelvic muscle exercises are used to diagnose pelvic organ
prolapse.
Pelvic muscle exercises are only effective after surgery.
Pelvic muscle exercises increase the size of the pelvic organs.
Pelvic muscle exercises strengthen the pelvic floor, which can
support pelvic organs and reduce symptoms of prolapse.
3. Which of the following is a sign of inadequate estrogen levels related to
overactive bladder (OAB)?
Increased vaginal lubrication
Thinning/paleness of vaginal epithelium
Presence of vaginal discharge
Thickening of the vaginal walls
,4. A patient presents with urinary incontinence following a recent stroke.
What should be the primary focus of the management strategy?
Administering antibiotics for a suspected UTI.
Addressing the neurological impact of the stroke on bladder
control.
Increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
Performing surgery to correct urinary obstruction.
5. Which laboratory test is performed to rule out pregnancy in the
diagnosis of urinary retention?
CBC with diff
HCG
CMP
UA with culture
6. Describe the significance of using both lithotomy and standing positions
during the examination for pelvic organ prolapse.
Using both positions allows for a comprehensive assessment of
pelvic organ support during different states of muscle tension.
Standing position is irrelevant in assessing pelvic organ prolapse.
Both positions are used to assess only the external genitalia.
The lithotomy position is only for surgical procedures, not
examinations.
7. A DRE is used to examine the:
Vas deferens
Scrotum
Penis
, Prostate
8. A patient reports experiencing sudden urges to urinate followed by
involuntary leakage. If this condition is diagnosed as urge incontinence,
what management strategy might be recommended?
Bladder training techniques
Antibiotic therapy
Surgical intervention
Pelvic floor exercises
9. If a patient presents with both apical vaginal prolapse and anterior
vaginal prolapse, which surgical treatment options might be considered,
and why?
Abdominal sacral colpopexy for apical prolapse and Anterior
Colporrhaphy for anterior prolapse.
Only Anterior Colporrhaphy for both conditions.
Posterior Colporrhaphy for both conditions.
Total abdominal hysterectomy for both conditions.
10. If a patient presents with both urgency and leakage during physical
activity, what type of incontinence might they be experiencing?
Mixed incontinence
Urge incontinence
Overflow incontinence
Stress incontinence
11. What is the stage when the descent of prolapse is between 1 cm above
the hymen and 1 cm below the hymen?
Stage II
, Stage III
Stage I
Stage IV
12. Which of the following is a cause of functional incontinence?
Delirium
Bladder cancer
Prostate enlargement
Kidney stones
13. A patient with BPH is experiencing persistent urinary symptoms despite
lifestyle modifications. If the physician decides to initiate
pharmacotherapy, which treatment option would be most appropriate?
Oxybutynin
Doxazosin
Finasteride and Dutasteride
Tamsulosin
14. Neurogenic bladder incontinence
Overactive bladder incontinence
Urinary incontinence caused by spinal cord disorders
Overflow incontinence
Functional incontinence
15. If a patient presents with urinary incontinence and a positive pad test,
which additional tests should be prioritized in their workup?
Diabetes tests only
Cystoscopy and urethroscopy only
PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE) EXAM 2025
1. Describe the role of pelvic floor exercises in managing stress
incontinence.
Pelvic floor exercises increase bladder capacity, allowing for
longer intervals between urination.
Pelvic floor exercises are designed to relax the bladder muscles.
Pelvic floor exercises are primarily used to treat urinary tract
infections.
Pelvic floor exercises strengthen the muscles that support the
bladder, helping to reduce episodes of incontinence.
2. Describe how pelvic muscle exercises (PMEs) can help manage pelvic
organ prolapse.
Pelvic muscle exercises are used to diagnose pelvic organ
prolapse.
Pelvic muscle exercises are only effective after surgery.
Pelvic muscle exercises increase the size of the pelvic organs.
Pelvic muscle exercises strengthen the pelvic floor, which can
support pelvic organs and reduce symptoms of prolapse.
3. Which of the following is a sign of inadequate estrogen levels related to
overactive bladder (OAB)?
Increased vaginal lubrication
Thinning/paleness of vaginal epithelium
Presence of vaginal discharge
Thickening of the vaginal walls
,4. A patient presents with urinary incontinence following a recent stroke.
What should be the primary focus of the management strategy?
Administering antibiotics for a suspected UTI.
Addressing the neurological impact of the stroke on bladder
control.
Increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
Performing surgery to correct urinary obstruction.
5. Which laboratory test is performed to rule out pregnancy in the
diagnosis of urinary retention?
CBC with diff
HCG
CMP
UA with culture
6. Describe the significance of using both lithotomy and standing positions
during the examination for pelvic organ prolapse.
Using both positions allows for a comprehensive assessment of
pelvic organ support during different states of muscle tension.
Standing position is irrelevant in assessing pelvic organ prolapse.
Both positions are used to assess only the external genitalia.
The lithotomy position is only for surgical procedures, not
examinations.
7. A DRE is used to examine the:
Vas deferens
Scrotum
Penis
, Prostate
8. A patient reports experiencing sudden urges to urinate followed by
involuntary leakage. If this condition is diagnosed as urge incontinence,
what management strategy might be recommended?
Bladder training techniques
Antibiotic therapy
Surgical intervention
Pelvic floor exercises
9. If a patient presents with both apical vaginal prolapse and anterior
vaginal prolapse, which surgical treatment options might be considered,
and why?
Abdominal sacral colpopexy for apical prolapse and Anterior
Colporrhaphy for anterior prolapse.
Only Anterior Colporrhaphy for both conditions.
Posterior Colporrhaphy for both conditions.
Total abdominal hysterectomy for both conditions.
10. If a patient presents with both urgency and leakage during physical
activity, what type of incontinence might they be experiencing?
Mixed incontinence
Urge incontinence
Overflow incontinence
Stress incontinence
11. What is the stage when the descent of prolapse is between 1 cm above
the hymen and 1 cm below the hymen?
Stage II
, Stage III
Stage I
Stage IV
12. Which of the following is a cause of functional incontinence?
Delirium
Bladder cancer
Prostate enlargement
Kidney stones
13. A patient with BPH is experiencing persistent urinary symptoms despite
lifestyle modifications. If the physician decides to initiate
pharmacotherapy, which treatment option would be most appropriate?
Oxybutynin
Doxazosin
Finasteride and Dutasteride
Tamsulosin
14. Neurogenic bladder incontinence
Overactive bladder incontinence
Urinary incontinence caused by spinal cord disorders
Overflow incontinence
Functional incontinence
15. If a patient presents with urinary incontinence and a positive pad test,
which additional tests should be prioritized in their workup?
Diabetes tests only
Cystoscopy and urethroscopy only
