NCE: Career Counseling Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Merrill - ✔✔developed curriculum that combined academic with technical and
vocational instruction
Parsons - ✔✔"Father of vocational guidance";
Credited with starting the "guidance movement"
His landmark work was "Choosing A Vocation"; He also wrote "History of Vocational
Guidance"
created Trait and Factor approach; emphasized:
-gain of self-understanding
understand the world of work (requirements, compensation opportunities)
-true reasoning (ability to combine an understanding of self with knowledge about the
world to make a career decisions.)
Williamson - ✔✔-founded the Minnesota Viewpoint
-designed a directive counseling approach where counselors share their widsom
Super - ✔✔Lifespan life-space career theory
-life stages and developmental career tasks
-life roles have an impact on career choice
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,-emphasizes self-concept
(MEMORY DEVICE: self-concept and Super both begin with "s")
Crites - ✔✔developed the career maturity inventory
Holland - ✔✔Vocational choice based on personality and work environment types
which matches person to environment
6 personality types RIASEC
Krumboltz - ✔✔developed the social learning theory of career counseling
Career decision making is a lifelong process
Harris-Bowlsbey - ✔✔developed computerized vocational systems
NBCC - ✔✔National Board of Certified Counselors
NCDA - ✔✔National Career Development Association
CRCC - ✔✔Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
(FLSA) - ✔✔established a national minimum wage, minimum standards for overtime,
and prohibited employment of minors
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) - ✔✔safe and healthy working
conditions
Section 504 - ✔✔discrimination against people with disabilities in programs sponsored
by federal agencies or receiving federal funding
Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 - ✔✔12 weeks unpaid sick leave--ensures employees
will not lose job
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004 - ✔✔ensures
that children with disabilities receive special ed and other services related to their
needs, mandates transition services to facilitate move from school to work
Job - ✔✔position that requires a specific skill
occupation - ✔✔primary activity that engages ones time (occupation exists regardless of
whether person is employed or not)
career - ✔✔-lifetime pursuits
-the total work one does in a lifetime plus leisure
work - ✔✔activities that serve as one's regular source of livelihood and associated with
job position
role overload - ✔✔expectations exceed the individual's time and energy and ability to
perform the role adequately
role conflict - ✔✔how demands of the roles conflict with each other, especially with
incompatible roles (work and family)
role spillover - ✔✔carryover of one's role demands into another role
career salience - ✔✔significance an individual places in the role of career in relationship
to other life roles
three factors of career salience - ✔✔1-participation-spending time and energy in a work
role
2-commitment-an emotional attachment to work role
3-value expectation-the satisfaction gained from the vocational decisions and actions
one makes throughout the course of ones lifespan
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, work values - ✔✔needs that a work environment must reinforce to ensure satisfaction
intrinsic-rewards received from work satisfaction
extrinsic-rewards for completing the work (salary)
expressed career interests - ✔✔verbal: I want to be a counselor
manifested career interests - ✔✔activities in which people engage
(a musician may want to play the piano)
tested career interests - ✔✔individual's knowledge of a specific topic and measured by
objective tests
(Individual who wants to be a counselor must pass an exam)
Trait & Type Theories
Premise
Founder
Assumptions - ✔✔AKA-profile matching
Premise: take an individual's traits and matches them with an occupation with similar
characteristics
Founders: Parsons and Williamson
-Classified as a "structural" theory
-Is grounded in differential psychology (the study of individual differences)
3 Assumptions:
1-everyone has a unique set of traits
2-every occupation requires that a person have a set of traits to be successful
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Merrill - ✔✔developed curriculum that combined academic with technical and
vocational instruction
Parsons - ✔✔"Father of vocational guidance";
Credited with starting the "guidance movement"
His landmark work was "Choosing A Vocation"; He also wrote "History of Vocational
Guidance"
created Trait and Factor approach; emphasized:
-gain of self-understanding
understand the world of work (requirements, compensation opportunities)
-true reasoning (ability to combine an understanding of self with knowledge about the
world to make a career decisions.)
Williamson - ✔✔-founded the Minnesota Viewpoint
-designed a directive counseling approach where counselors share their widsom
Super - ✔✔Lifespan life-space career theory
-life stages and developmental career tasks
-life roles have an impact on career choice
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,-emphasizes self-concept
(MEMORY DEVICE: self-concept and Super both begin with "s")
Crites - ✔✔developed the career maturity inventory
Holland - ✔✔Vocational choice based on personality and work environment types
which matches person to environment
6 personality types RIASEC
Krumboltz - ✔✔developed the social learning theory of career counseling
Career decision making is a lifelong process
Harris-Bowlsbey - ✔✔developed computerized vocational systems
NBCC - ✔✔National Board of Certified Counselors
NCDA - ✔✔National Career Development Association
CRCC - ✔✔Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
(FLSA) - ✔✔established a national minimum wage, minimum standards for overtime,
and prohibited employment of minors
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) - ✔✔safe and healthy working
conditions
Section 504 - ✔✔discrimination against people with disabilities in programs sponsored
by federal agencies or receiving federal funding
Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 - ✔✔12 weeks unpaid sick leave--ensures employees
will not lose job
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004 - ✔✔ensures
that children with disabilities receive special ed and other services related to their
needs, mandates transition services to facilitate move from school to work
Job - ✔✔position that requires a specific skill
occupation - ✔✔primary activity that engages ones time (occupation exists regardless of
whether person is employed or not)
career - ✔✔-lifetime pursuits
-the total work one does in a lifetime plus leisure
work - ✔✔activities that serve as one's regular source of livelihood and associated with
job position
role overload - ✔✔expectations exceed the individual's time and energy and ability to
perform the role adequately
role conflict - ✔✔how demands of the roles conflict with each other, especially with
incompatible roles (work and family)
role spillover - ✔✔carryover of one's role demands into another role
career salience - ✔✔significance an individual places in the role of career in relationship
to other life roles
three factors of career salience - ✔✔1-participation-spending time and energy in a work
role
2-commitment-an emotional attachment to work role
3-value expectation-the satisfaction gained from the vocational decisions and actions
one makes throughout the course of ones lifespan
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, work values - ✔✔needs that a work environment must reinforce to ensure satisfaction
intrinsic-rewards received from work satisfaction
extrinsic-rewards for completing the work (salary)
expressed career interests - ✔✔verbal: I want to be a counselor
manifested career interests - ✔✔activities in which people engage
(a musician may want to play the piano)
tested career interests - ✔✔individual's knowledge of a specific topic and measured by
objective tests
(Individual who wants to be a counselor must pass an exam)
Trait & Type Theories
Premise
Founder
Assumptions - ✔✔AKA-profile matching
Premise: take an individual's traits and matches them with an occupation with similar
characteristics
Founders: Parsons and Williamson
-Classified as a "structural" theory
-Is grounded in differential psychology (the study of individual differences)
3 Assumptions:
1-everyone has a unique set of traits
2-every occupation requires that a person have a set of traits to be successful
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
