NCE Exam Prep Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development - ✔✔Oral Anal Phallic Latency, Genital
Erikson's First Stage (Birth to 18 Months) - ✔✔Trust vs Mistrust (Hope)
Erikson's Second Stage (1-3) - ✔✔Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt (Will)
Erikson's Third Stage (3-6) - ✔✔Initiative vs Guilt (Purpose)
Erikson's Fourth Stage (7-11) - ✔✔Industry vs Inferiority (Competence)
Erikson's Fifth Stage (12-18) - ✔✔Identity vs Role Confusion (Fidelity)
Erikson's Sixth Stage (19-29) - ✔✔Intimacy vs Isolation (Love)
Erikson's Seventh Stage (30-64) - ✔✔Generativity vs Stagnation (Care)
Erikson's Eighth Stage (65-Death) - ✔✔Integrity vs Despair (Wisdom)
Ego Psychology - ✔✔Believes in man's power to reason and control behavior
Behaviorism - ✔✔the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only; man
is slave to his impulses
Erik Erikson - ✔✔The most influential developmental theorist of all time and a student
of Freud. Only theorist to create a developmental theory that covers the entire lifespan
(Freud's ended at 12)
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,Epigenesis - ✔✔The theory that physical and behavioral characteristics arise from an
interaction between genetic and environmental influences, rather than one over the
other. The middle ground of the nature vs nurture debate.
Jay Haley - ✔✔His work includes strategic and problem solving therapy; often uses
paradox.
Arnold Lazarus - ✔✔Pioneer in behavior therapy movement, especially in systematic
desensitization. Associated with multimodal therapy.
William G. Perry - ✔✔Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development;
especially regarding college students and stresses the concept of dualistic thinking
(black and white thinking)
Robert Kegan - ✔✔Developed constructive developmental theory (CDT) and defined
five stages of mental complexity (orders of mind): Impulsive Mind, Instrumental Mind,
Socialized Mind, Self-Authoring Mind, and Self-Transforming Mind. Uses an
underlying structure of meaning-making based on objects and what we are subject to.
Piaget's Stages of Development - ✔✔Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete
Operational, Formal Operational
Idiographic Approach vs Nomothetic Approach - ✔✔IA examines individuals in depth
while NA examines large groups of people to generalize to the population
Criticism of Piaget's Theory - ✔✔His findings were often built on observations of only
his own children
Alfred Binet - ✔✔Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children
Conservation (according to Piaget) - ✔✔A substance's characteristics can stay the same
even if the shape changes. Mastered around 7-11, during concrete ops
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,Symbolic Schema - ✔✔A schema is a system where the child tests out things in the
physical world. An example of a symbolic schema is when a child uses a pie plate as a
steering wheel (because it fits into the schema they have created for "Steering Wheel")
This occurs in the Preoperational Stage.
Lawrence Kohlberg - ✔✔Expanded on Piaget's concept of moral development. Used
stories to determine a child's level of moral development.
Lev Vygotsky - ✔✔child development; investigated how culture & interpersonal
communication guide development; zone of proximal development; play research
John B. Watson - ✔✔Father of behaviorism and coined the term in 1912
Reversibility (according to Piaget) - ✔✔The principle that actions, once done, can be
undone. For example, a glass of water poured into a differently shaped glass can regain
its shape. Mastered in concrete ops.
Egocentrism (Piaget's Theory) - ✔✔A child's inability to see the world from any
viewpoint other than his own. Present in the preoperational stage.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development - ✔✔Pre-conventional, conventional, post-
conventional
The Heinz Dilemma - ✔✔A woman is dying and needs an expensive medication.
Husband cannot afford the medication, should he steal it or should she die? Used by
Kohlberg to evaluate one's level of moral development
Identity Crisis (Erikson) - ✔✔state of emotional turmoil that arises when and
adolescent's sense of self becomes 'unglued' to achieve a new, more mature sense of self;
the stage also involves more identification with peers
RS Involvement - ✔✔'Religious and spiritual'
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, Positive Psychology - ✔✔the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to
discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to
thrive. Coined by Abraham Maslow and popularized by Martin Seligman.
Preconventional Morality - ✔✔first level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in
which the child's behavior is governed by the consequences of the behavior. Ages 3-7.
(1) Reward/Punishment Motivated and (2) Self-Interest
Conventional Morality - ✔✔second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in
which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of
behavior. Ages 8-13. (1) Pleasing Others and (2) Law and Order
Postconventional Morality - ✔✔third level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development
in which the person's behavior is governed by moral principles that have been decided
on by the individual and that may be in disagreement with accepted social norms.
Adulthood. (1) Social Contract and (2) Principle.
Harry Stack Sullivan - ✔✔interpersonal psychoanalysis; groundwork for enmeshed
relationships, developed the Self-System, a configuration of personality traits
Zone of Proximal Development - ✔✔Pioneered by Lev Vygotsky. Described the
difference between a child's performance without a teacher and what he is capable of
with a teacher.
Maturationism - ✔✔The belief that changes in development are due only to heredity;
changes result from the execution of genetic programming
Basics of DBT - ✔✔Dialectical Behavior Therapy was created by Marsha M. Lineman
and focuses heavily on mindfulness. Useful for self-harm and suicide and substance
abuse issues.
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
Answers 100% Pass
Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development - ✔✔Oral Anal Phallic Latency, Genital
Erikson's First Stage (Birth to 18 Months) - ✔✔Trust vs Mistrust (Hope)
Erikson's Second Stage (1-3) - ✔✔Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt (Will)
Erikson's Third Stage (3-6) - ✔✔Initiative vs Guilt (Purpose)
Erikson's Fourth Stage (7-11) - ✔✔Industry vs Inferiority (Competence)
Erikson's Fifth Stage (12-18) - ✔✔Identity vs Role Confusion (Fidelity)
Erikson's Sixth Stage (19-29) - ✔✔Intimacy vs Isolation (Love)
Erikson's Seventh Stage (30-64) - ✔✔Generativity vs Stagnation (Care)
Erikson's Eighth Stage (65-Death) - ✔✔Integrity vs Despair (Wisdom)
Ego Psychology - ✔✔Believes in man's power to reason and control behavior
Behaviorism - ✔✔the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only; man
is slave to his impulses
Erik Erikson - ✔✔The most influential developmental theorist of all time and a student
of Freud. Only theorist to create a developmental theory that covers the entire lifespan
(Freud's ended at 12)
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Epigenesis - ✔✔The theory that physical and behavioral characteristics arise from an
interaction between genetic and environmental influences, rather than one over the
other. The middle ground of the nature vs nurture debate.
Jay Haley - ✔✔His work includes strategic and problem solving therapy; often uses
paradox.
Arnold Lazarus - ✔✔Pioneer in behavior therapy movement, especially in systematic
desensitization. Associated with multimodal therapy.
William G. Perry - ✔✔Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development;
especially regarding college students and stresses the concept of dualistic thinking
(black and white thinking)
Robert Kegan - ✔✔Developed constructive developmental theory (CDT) and defined
five stages of mental complexity (orders of mind): Impulsive Mind, Instrumental Mind,
Socialized Mind, Self-Authoring Mind, and Self-Transforming Mind. Uses an
underlying structure of meaning-making based on objects and what we are subject to.
Piaget's Stages of Development - ✔✔Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete
Operational, Formal Operational
Idiographic Approach vs Nomothetic Approach - ✔✔IA examines individuals in depth
while NA examines large groups of people to generalize to the population
Criticism of Piaget's Theory - ✔✔His findings were often built on observations of only
his own children
Alfred Binet - ✔✔Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children
Conservation (according to Piaget) - ✔✔A substance's characteristics can stay the same
even if the shape changes. Mastered around 7-11, during concrete ops
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,Symbolic Schema - ✔✔A schema is a system where the child tests out things in the
physical world. An example of a symbolic schema is when a child uses a pie plate as a
steering wheel (because it fits into the schema they have created for "Steering Wheel")
This occurs in the Preoperational Stage.
Lawrence Kohlberg - ✔✔Expanded on Piaget's concept of moral development. Used
stories to determine a child's level of moral development.
Lev Vygotsky - ✔✔child development; investigated how culture & interpersonal
communication guide development; zone of proximal development; play research
John B. Watson - ✔✔Father of behaviorism and coined the term in 1912
Reversibility (according to Piaget) - ✔✔The principle that actions, once done, can be
undone. For example, a glass of water poured into a differently shaped glass can regain
its shape. Mastered in concrete ops.
Egocentrism (Piaget's Theory) - ✔✔A child's inability to see the world from any
viewpoint other than his own. Present in the preoperational stage.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development - ✔✔Pre-conventional, conventional, post-
conventional
The Heinz Dilemma - ✔✔A woman is dying and needs an expensive medication.
Husband cannot afford the medication, should he steal it or should she die? Used by
Kohlberg to evaluate one's level of moral development
Identity Crisis (Erikson) - ✔✔state of emotional turmoil that arises when and
adolescent's sense of self becomes 'unglued' to achieve a new, more mature sense of self;
the stage also involves more identification with peers
RS Involvement - ✔✔'Religious and spiritual'
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, Positive Psychology - ✔✔the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to
discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to
thrive. Coined by Abraham Maslow and popularized by Martin Seligman.
Preconventional Morality - ✔✔first level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in
which the child's behavior is governed by the consequences of the behavior. Ages 3-7.
(1) Reward/Punishment Motivated and (2) Self-Interest
Conventional Morality - ✔✔second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in
which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of
behavior. Ages 8-13. (1) Pleasing Others and (2) Law and Order
Postconventional Morality - ✔✔third level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development
in which the person's behavior is governed by moral principles that have been decided
on by the individual and that may be in disagreement with accepted social norms.
Adulthood. (1) Social Contract and (2) Principle.
Harry Stack Sullivan - ✔✔interpersonal psychoanalysis; groundwork for enmeshed
relationships, developed the Self-System, a configuration of personality traits
Zone of Proximal Development - ✔✔Pioneered by Lev Vygotsky. Described the
difference between a child's performance without a teacher and what he is capable of
with a teacher.
Maturationism - ✔✔The belief that changes in development are due only to heredity;
changes result from the execution of genetic programming
Basics of DBT - ✔✔Dialectical Behavior Therapy was created by Marsha M. Lineman
and focuses heavily on mindfulness. Useful for self-harm and suicide and substance
abuse issues.
100% Pass Guarantee Emily Charlene All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
