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Jesse Davis - ✔✔Introduced group work to schools
Joseph Pratt - ✔✔Established first group experience, not for psycho educational or
occupational purposes.
Frank Parsons - ✔✔Founder of guidance and counseling profession, used groups to
facilitate career and vocational development.
Alfred Adler - ✔✔Emphasized innate social nature of humans to support group
treatment model. Conducted groups to investigate relationship between children's
problems and family experiences
J. L. Moreno - ✔✔Created Theater of Spontaneity, earliest form of psychodrama. First
coined term group psychotherapy.
Lewis Wender - ✔✔Wrote first guidelines for group therapeutic factors
S R Slavson - ✔✔founded American Group Psychotherapy Association. After seeing
group activity for children was as effective as individual counseling, he brought group
counseling into schools.
Alcoholics Anonymous - ✔✔First self help group. Movement began in 1930's
Kurt Lewin - ✔✔Studied group dynamics, invented T-groups, identified predictable
stages of group work
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, Wilfred Bion - ✔✔studied group cohesiveness, saw group dynamics as very different
from dynamics of family unit.
National Defense Act 1958 - ✔✔After Soviet launch of Sputnik I, school counseling rose
to prominence. Moved toward behaviorally based group counseling vs. classroom
guidance.
Rudolf Dreikurs used Adler's theory - ✔✔Brought group work to family counseling,
parent groups.
1960's - ✔✔Group work flourished due to social climate and events such as Vietnam
War, hippie movement
Fritz Perls - ✔✔Applied Gestalt therapy to group setting at Esalen Institute in
California.
Encounter Groups - ✔✔Carl Rogers initiated this sensitivity training to encourage and
assist individual growth and development.
Marathon Group - ✔✔Met together for 24-48 hours and members were expected to
become more authentic and engage in self disclosure.
ASGW - ✔✔Founded in 1973 to advance professionalism in group work.
Group work in schools in 1990's - ✔✔Grew as effective means for improving student
academics and social skills.
Four types of group work - ✔✔Task, Psycho-education, counseling, psychotherapy
Advantages of group work - ✔✔Time efficient for leader, less cost per individual,
greater resources due to more people, feelings of safety, experience sense of belonging,
replication of everyday world, safe place to practice new skills and receive feedback,
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