TCU Dr Jones Microbiology Final || with 100% Accurate
Solutions.
prokaryotic cell with a rod shape correct answers bacillus
spherical bacterial cell correct answers coccus
spiral shaped bacteria correct answers vibrios, spirilla, spirochete
Other shapes of bacterial cells correct answers square, appendage, star-shaped, filamentous
Structure and organization are based on specific processes cells need to carry out: correct
answers Sensing/responding to stimuli, Compartmentation of metabolism, Growth and
reproduction
Bacterial Flagella correct answers are long appendages Extending from the cell surface used for
cell motility
Anatomy of a bacterial flagella correct answers helical filament, a hook, and a basal body
chemotaxis correct answers moving up the concentration gradient of a chemical attractant
Pili correct answers are protein fibers extending from the surface of many bacteria
Pili help the cell... correct answers Attach cells to surfaces and form biofilms and microcolonies
conjugation pili are used to correct answers transfer genetic material between cells
Glycocalyx correct answers is an outer layer external to the cell wall that is an adhering layer of
polysaccharides (sometimes small proteins)
capsule correct answers A thick glycolayx bound to the cell
A slime layer correct answers A thinner, diffuse layer of polysaccharides that protects cells from
the environment, and allows them to attach to surfaces
bacterial cell wall correct answers a tough and protective external shell made of peptidoglycan
The cell wall's functions correct answers protects the cell from injury, and to maintain cell shape
and water balance
Gram-Positive bacteria correct answers have thick peptidoglycan cell walls containing teichoic
acid
,Gram-Negative bacteria correct answers have a 2-dimensional peptidoglycan layer and no
teichoic acid
Has an outer membrane, separated from the cell membrane by the... correct answers periplasmic
space
porins correct answers in outer membrane, selectively allow small molecules into the periplasmic
space
represents the interface between the cell environment and the cell cytoplasm correct answers The
cell membrane
The fluid mosaic model correct answers It is a fluid layer of phospholipid and protein
...form a permeability barrier correct answers Hydrophobic fatty acid chains in the phospholipids
Membrane proteins perform or aid in many functions correct answers Cell wall synthesis, Energy
metabolism, DNA replication, Sensation of stimuli, Molecule transport
Antimicrobial substances may... correct answers ...disrupt or dissolve the bilayer
Binary Fission correct answers The cell doubles in mass, DNA replicated in the two strands
separate
Cytokinesis correct answers is an inward pinching of the cell membrane and cell wall to separate
the cell into two genetically identical cells
The generation (or doubling) time correct answers an interval between successive binary fissions
This constant doubling of the numbers only occurs as long as... correct answers nutrients for
growth are available during the log phase of growth
A bacterial growth curve correct answers illustrates the dynamics of growth
During the lag phase correct answers no cell division occurs while bacteria adapt to their new
environment
The logarithmic (log) phase correct answers exponential growth of the population occurs during
this phase
Human disease symptoms usually develop during it correct answers Log Phase
Stationary phase correct answers when reproductive and death rates equalize
Decline (exponential death) phase correct answers the accumulation of waste products and
scarcity of resources causes it to enter
, Endospores are a response to correct answers nutrient limitation
Endospores are a highly resistant survival structure formed by species of _____ and _____ when
nutrient supplies are low correct answers Clostridium and Bacillus
Spores can lay dormant for years then germinate into a vegetative cell, withstand correct answers
boiling water, alcohol and radiation
A stressed cell undergoes asymmetrical cell division creating... correct answers creating a small
prespore and a larger mother cell
The prespore contains correct answers Cytoplasm, DNA, Dipicolinic
Dipicolinic acid correct answers stabilizes proteins and DNA
The mother cell matures the prespore into an correct answers endospore
The endospore then correct answers disintegrates, freeing the spore
Endospores abilities correct answers Are resistant to desiccation, heat, and undergo very few
chemical reactions
When environmental conditions are again favorable, the spore correct answers protective layers
break down and the spore germinates into a vegetative cell
Why are Spores so hard to kill correct answers They are not metabolically inert, have a low
water content, a thick spore coat, and contain lots of calcium and Dipicolinic acid (10% by
weight). All thought to contribute to their heat resistance
The basic requirements for a bacteria to grow include correct answers Water, Carbon/energy
sources, Essential elements and organic growth factors, Temperature, pH, Oxygen, Carbon
dioxide, Osmotic conditions
obligate aerobes correct answers which require oxygen to grow
Microaerophilic correct answers prefer oxygen slightly lower than air
Anaerobes correct answers do not or cannot use oxygen
Aerotolerant correct answers are insensitive to oxygen but can grow in its presence
Obligate anaerobes correct answers are inhibited or killed by oxygen
Facultative prokaryotes correct answers grow either with oxygen, or in reduced oxygen
environments
Solutions.
prokaryotic cell with a rod shape correct answers bacillus
spherical bacterial cell correct answers coccus
spiral shaped bacteria correct answers vibrios, spirilla, spirochete
Other shapes of bacterial cells correct answers square, appendage, star-shaped, filamentous
Structure and organization are based on specific processes cells need to carry out: correct
answers Sensing/responding to stimuli, Compartmentation of metabolism, Growth and
reproduction
Bacterial Flagella correct answers are long appendages Extending from the cell surface used for
cell motility
Anatomy of a bacterial flagella correct answers helical filament, a hook, and a basal body
chemotaxis correct answers moving up the concentration gradient of a chemical attractant
Pili correct answers are protein fibers extending from the surface of many bacteria
Pili help the cell... correct answers Attach cells to surfaces and form biofilms and microcolonies
conjugation pili are used to correct answers transfer genetic material between cells
Glycocalyx correct answers is an outer layer external to the cell wall that is an adhering layer of
polysaccharides (sometimes small proteins)
capsule correct answers A thick glycolayx bound to the cell
A slime layer correct answers A thinner, diffuse layer of polysaccharides that protects cells from
the environment, and allows them to attach to surfaces
bacterial cell wall correct answers a tough and protective external shell made of peptidoglycan
The cell wall's functions correct answers protects the cell from injury, and to maintain cell shape
and water balance
Gram-Positive bacteria correct answers have thick peptidoglycan cell walls containing teichoic
acid
,Gram-Negative bacteria correct answers have a 2-dimensional peptidoglycan layer and no
teichoic acid
Has an outer membrane, separated from the cell membrane by the... correct answers periplasmic
space
porins correct answers in outer membrane, selectively allow small molecules into the periplasmic
space
represents the interface between the cell environment and the cell cytoplasm correct answers The
cell membrane
The fluid mosaic model correct answers It is a fluid layer of phospholipid and protein
...form a permeability barrier correct answers Hydrophobic fatty acid chains in the phospholipids
Membrane proteins perform or aid in many functions correct answers Cell wall synthesis, Energy
metabolism, DNA replication, Sensation of stimuli, Molecule transport
Antimicrobial substances may... correct answers ...disrupt or dissolve the bilayer
Binary Fission correct answers The cell doubles in mass, DNA replicated in the two strands
separate
Cytokinesis correct answers is an inward pinching of the cell membrane and cell wall to separate
the cell into two genetically identical cells
The generation (or doubling) time correct answers an interval between successive binary fissions
This constant doubling of the numbers only occurs as long as... correct answers nutrients for
growth are available during the log phase of growth
A bacterial growth curve correct answers illustrates the dynamics of growth
During the lag phase correct answers no cell division occurs while bacteria adapt to their new
environment
The logarithmic (log) phase correct answers exponential growth of the population occurs during
this phase
Human disease symptoms usually develop during it correct answers Log Phase
Stationary phase correct answers when reproductive and death rates equalize
Decline (exponential death) phase correct answers the accumulation of waste products and
scarcity of resources causes it to enter
, Endospores are a response to correct answers nutrient limitation
Endospores are a highly resistant survival structure formed by species of _____ and _____ when
nutrient supplies are low correct answers Clostridium and Bacillus
Spores can lay dormant for years then germinate into a vegetative cell, withstand correct answers
boiling water, alcohol and radiation
A stressed cell undergoes asymmetrical cell division creating... correct answers creating a small
prespore and a larger mother cell
The prespore contains correct answers Cytoplasm, DNA, Dipicolinic
Dipicolinic acid correct answers stabilizes proteins and DNA
The mother cell matures the prespore into an correct answers endospore
The endospore then correct answers disintegrates, freeing the spore
Endospores abilities correct answers Are resistant to desiccation, heat, and undergo very few
chemical reactions
When environmental conditions are again favorable, the spore correct answers protective layers
break down and the spore germinates into a vegetative cell
Why are Spores so hard to kill correct answers They are not metabolically inert, have a low
water content, a thick spore coat, and contain lots of calcium and Dipicolinic acid (10% by
weight). All thought to contribute to their heat resistance
The basic requirements for a bacteria to grow include correct answers Water, Carbon/energy
sources, Essential elements and organic growth factors, Temperature, pH, Oxygen, Carbon
dioxide, Osmotic conditions
obligate aerobes correct answers which require oxygen to grow
Microaerophilic correct answers prefer oxygen slightly lower than air
Anaerobes correct answers do not or cannot use oxygen
Aerotolerant correct answers are insensitive to oxygen but can grow in its presence
Obligate anaerobes correct answers are inhibited or killed by oxygen
Facultative prokaryotes correct answers grow either with oxygen, or in reduced oxygen
environments
