Bio 109 Unit 1 Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Cocci - ✔✔spherical bacteria
Bacilli - ✔✔rod shaped bacteria
spirochetes - ✔✔spiral shaped bacteria
gram positive - ✔✔thick peptidoglycan layer
gram negative - ✔✔thin layer of peptidoglycan, outer membrane of lipids
capsule - ✔✔part of a bacterium that allows easy attachment to things
fimbriae - ✔✔little tube like projections that allow bacteria to stick to each other
endospores - ✔✔A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and
resists harsh conditions.
pili - ✔✔pulls cells together before conjugation
taxis - ✔✔Movement toward or away from a stimulus.
chemotaxis - ✔✔Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus
phototaxis - ✔✔movement in response to light
positive taxis - ✔✔move toward
negative taxis - ✔✔move away
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, flagella - ✔✔allow cell to move, seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, rotate by proton-
gradient force
plasmids - ✔✔separate circular DNA pieces isolated from main chromosome, usually
contain genes to conjugate
transformation - ✔✔bacteria uptake foreign dna in environment
transduction - ✔✔phage transfer dna from one bacterium to another
conjugation - ✔✔bacteria touch tips and exchange plasmids or parts of their
chromosome
f factor - ✔✔gene required to build pilus bridge
autotroph - ✔✔turns inorganic compounds organic
heterotroph - ✔✔steals other organic compounds
nitrogen fixation - ✔✔turn N2 into usable form
no - ✔✔is peptidoglycan present in archaea?
several - ✔✔how many kinds of RNA polymerase are in archae?
yes - ✔✔do archaea have circular chromosomes?
methanogens - ✔✔use CO2 to oxidize H2 to produce methane, anaerobes
commensalism - ✔✔one organism benefits, one is unaffected
feeding groove, reduced mitochondria - ✔✔what are the 2 characteristics of excavata?
giardia, trichomonas, trypanosoma - ✔✔list some example excavates
eyespot - ✔✔unique feature of euglenids
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Cocci - ✔✔spherical bacteria
Bacilli - ✔✔rod shaped bacteria
spirochetes - ✔✔spiral shaped bacteria
gram positive - ✔✔thick peptidoglycan layer
gram negative - ✔✔thin layer of peptidoglycan, outer membrane of lipids
capsule - ✔✔part of a bacterium that allows easy attachment to things
fimbriae - ✔✔little tube like projections that allow bacteria to stick to each other
endospores - ✔✔A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and
resists harsh conditions.
pili - ✔✔pulls cells together before conjugation
taxis - ✔✔Movement toward or away from a stimulus.
chemotaxis - ✔✔Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus
phototaxis - ✔✔movement in response to light
positive taxis - ✔✔move toward
negative taxis - ✔✔move away
© EMILY CHARLENE YEAR 2025-2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, flagella - ✔✔allow cell to move, seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, rotate by proton-
gradient force
plasmids - ✔✔separate circular DNA pieces isolated from main chromosome, usually
contain genes to conjugate
transformation - ✔✔bacteria uptake foreign dna in environment
transduction - ✔✔phage transfer dna from one bacterium to another
conjugation - ✔✔bacteria touch tips and exchange plasmids or parts of their
chromosome
f factor - ✔✔gene required to build pilus bridge
autotroph - ✔✔turns inorganic compounds organic
heterotroph - ✔✔steals other organic compounds
nitrogen fixation - ✔✔turn N2 into usable form
no - ✔✔is peptidoglycan present in archaea?
several - ✔✔how many kinds of RNA polymerase are in archae?
yes - ✔✔do archaea have circular chromosomes?
methanogens - ✔✔use CO2 to oxidize H2 to produce methane, anaerobes
commensalism - ✔✔one organism benefits, one is unaffected
feeding groove, reduced mitochondria - ✔✔what are the 2 characteristics of excavata?
giardia, trichomonas, trypanosoma - ✔✔list some example excavates
eyespot - ✔✔unique feature of euglenids
© EMILY CHARLENE YEAR 2025-2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
