UMKC Bio109 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Taxis - ✔✔Directional movement
Positive phototaxis - ✔✔Movement towards nutrients or oxygen
Negative Phototaxis - ✔✔Movement away from a toxic substance
Endospore - ✔✔A thick-coated, resistant cell produced by some bacterial cells when
they are exposed to harsh conditions.
Binary Fission - ✔✔A method of asexual reproduction by "division in half."
Binary fission in prokaryotes - ✔✔Doesn't involve mitosis.
Binary fission in single celled eukaryotes - ✔✔Mitosis is part of the process.
Photoautotroph - ✔✔Use light energy.
Chemotroph - ✔✔Energy from chemicals in environment.
Autotroph - ✔✔Need only CO2 (inorganic)
Heterotroph - ✔✔Require at least one organic nutrient
Obligate aerobe - ✔✔Use O2 for cellular respiration and can not grow without it.
Obligate anaerobe - ✔✔Poisoned by O2. May use fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
Facultative anaerobe - ✔✔Use o2 if present but can grow anaerobically.
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,Bioremediation - ✔✔Use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air and soil.
Treat sewage, used to decompose petroleum compounds, pesticides, oil spills and
radioactive wastes.
Branches of prokaryotic evolution - ✔✔Bacteria and archae
Prokaryotic cell wall - ✔✔Peptidoglycan
Archaen cell walls - ✔✔Contain polysaccharides and proteins but lack peptidoglycan.
Cell wall Gram positive bacteria - ✔✔Simple cell walls with relatively large amount of
peptidoglycan.
Peptidoglycan - ✔✔Sugars x-linked with polypeptides
Cell wall Gram negative bacteria - ✔✔Have less to no peptidoglycan. Structurally
complex. Outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides
Function of cell wall - ✔✔Maintains cell shape
Physical protection
Prevents bursting in hypotonic environment (plasmolyze in hypertonic environment)
Gram negative pathogens - ✔✔More threatening than gram positive
The lipopolysaccharides are toxic
Outer membrane protects again host defenses
Greater resistance to antibiotics
Penicillin - ✔✔Inhibits prokaryotic growth by x-link formation
Interferes with cell wall function
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, Capsule - ✔✔Secreted sticky substance that forms another layer that is dense and well
defined.
Enable prokaryotes to adhere to their substrate or to other individuals to form a colony.
Can protect against dehydration
Shield pathogenic species from host's immune system.
Slime layer - ✔✔A capsule that is not well organized.
Fimbriae - ✔✔Hair-like appendages that help stick prokaryotes to their substrate or to
one another.
Prokaryotes - ✔✔Mostly unicellular
Smaller than eukaryotes
Variety of shapes
Well organized
Achieve all of an organism's life function in one cell
Motile
Archae - ✔✔Inhabit extreme environments
Differ from bacteria in key structural biochemicals and physiological characteristics
Shapes of Prokaryotes - ✔✔Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilla
Spirochetes
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Answers 100% Pass
Taxis - ✔✔Directional movement
Positive phototaxis - ✔✔Movement towards nutrients or oxygen
Negative Phototaxis - ✔✔Movement away from a toxic substance
Endospore - ✔✔A thick-coated, resistant cell produced by some bacterial cells when
they are exposed to harsh conditions.
Binary Fission - ✔✔A method of asexual reproduction by "division in half."
Binary fission in prokaryotes - ✔✔Doesn't involve mitosis.
Binary fission in single celled eukaryotes - ✔✔Mitosis is part of the process.
Photoautotroph - ✔✔Use light energy.
Chemotroph - ✔✔Energy from chemicals in environment.
Autotroph - ✔✔Need only CO2 (inorganic)
Heterotroph - ✔✔Require at least one organic nutrient
Obligate aerobe - ✔✔Use O2 for cellular respiration and can not grow without it.
Obligate anaerobe - ✔✔Poisoned by O2. May use fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
Facultative anaerobe - ✔✔Use o2 if present but can grow anaerobically.
© EMILY CHARLENE YEAR 2025-2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Bioremediation - ✔✔Use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air and soil.
Treat sewage, used to decompose petroleum compounds, pesticides, oil spills and
radioactive wastes.
Branches of prokaryotic evolution - ✔✔Bacteria and archae
Prokaryotic cell wall - ✔✔Peptidoglycan
Archaen cell walls - ✔✔Contain polysaccharides and proteins but lack peptidoglycan.
Cell wall Gram positive bacteria - ✔✔Simple cell walls with relatively large amount of
peptidoglycan.
Peptidoglycan - ✔✔Sugars x-linked with polypeptides
Cell wall Gram negative bacteria - ✔✔Have less to no peptidoglycan. Structurally
complex. Outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides
Function of cell wall - ✔✔Maintains cell shape
Physical protection
Prevents bursting in hypotonic environment (plasmolyze in hypertonic environment)
Gram negative pathogens - ✔✔More threatening than gram positive
The lipopolysaccharides are toxic
Outer membrane protects again host defenses
Greater resistance to antibiotics
Penicillin - ✔✔Inhibits prokaryotic growth by x-link formation
Interferes with cell wall function
© EMILY CHARLENE YEAR 2025-2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Capsule - ✔✔Secreted sticky substance that forms another layer that is dense and well
defined.
Enable prokaryotes to adhere to their substrate or to other individuals to form a colony.
Can protect against dehydration
Shield pathogenic species from host's immune system.
Slime layer - ✔✔A capsule that is not well organized.
Fimbriae - ✔✔Hair-like appendages that help stick prokaryotes to their substrate or to
one another.
Prokaryotes - ✔✔Mostly unicellular
Smaller than eukaryotes
Variety of shapes
Well organized
Achieve all of an organism's life function in one cell
Motile
Archae - ✔✔Inhabit extreme environments
Differ from bacteria in key structural biochemicals and physiological characteristics
Shapes of Prokaryotes - ✔✔Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilla
Spirochetes
© EMILY CHARLENE YEAR 2025-2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
