TEST BANK- HUETHER AND McCANCE’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY[THE BIOLOGY BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN] 9TH EDITION COMPLETE Study Guide

Test~-Bank~-For~-Pathophysiology~-9th~-Edition~-McCance~-The~-
Biologic~-Basis~-for~-Disease~-in~-Adults~-and~-Children~-By~-Julia~-Rogers




TEST BANK~-

,Chapter~-01:~-Cellular~-Biology
McCance/Huether:~-Pathophysiology:~-The~-Biologic~-Basis~-of~-Disease~-in~-Adults~-and~-Children,~-9th~-Edition


MULTIPLE~-CHOICE

1. Which~-statement~-best~-describes~-the~-cellular~-function~-of~-metabolic~-absorption?
a. Cells~-can~-produce~-proteins.
b. Cells~-can~-secrete~-digestive~-enzymes.
c. Cells~-can~-take~-in~-and~-use~-nutrients.
d. Cells~-can~-synthesize~-fats.
ANS:~- C
In~-metabolic~-absorption,~-all~-cells~-take~-in~-and~-use~-nutrients~-and~-other~-substances~-
from~-their~-surroundings.~-The~-remaining~-options~-are~-not~-inclusive~-in~-their~-
descriptions~-of~-cellular~-metabolic~-absorption.

PTS:~ - ~ - 1 DIF:~ - Cognitive~-Level:~-Remembering

2. Where~-is~-most~-of~-a~-cell’s~-genetic~-information,~-including~-RNA~-and~-DNA,~-contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:~- C
The~-nucleus~-contains~-the~-nucleolus,~-a~-small~-dense~-structure~-composed~-largely~-of~-
RNA,~-most~-of~-the~-cellular~-DNA,~-and~-the~-DNA-binding~-proteins,~-such~-as~-the~-
histones,~-which~-regulate~-its~-activity.~-The~-mitochondria~-are~-responsible~-for~-cellular~-
respiration~-and~-energy~-production.
Ribosomes’~-chief~-function~-is~-to~-provide~-sites~-for~-cellular~-protein~-synthesis.~-
Lysosomes~-function~-as~-the~-intracellular~-digestive~-system.

PTS:~ - ~ - 1 DIF:~ - Cognitive~-Level:~-Remembering

3. Which~-component~-of~-the~-cell~-produces~-hydrogen~-peroxide~-(H2O2)~-by~-using~-oxygen~-
to~-remove~-hydrogen~-atoms~-from~-specific~-substrates~-in~-an~-oxidative~-reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:~- B

Peroxisomes~-are~-so~-named~-because~-they~-usually~-contain~-enzymes~-that~-use~-oxygen~-
to~-remove~-hydrogen~-atoms~-from~-specific~-substrates~-in~-an~-oxidative~-reaction~-that~-
produces~-H2O2,~-which~-is~-a~-powerful~-oxidant~-and~-potentially~-destructive~-if~-it~-
accumulates~-or~-escapes~-from~-peroxisomes.~-Ribosomes~-are~-RNA-protein~-complexes~-
(nucleoproteins)~-that~-are~-synthesized~-in~-the~-nucleolus~-and~-secreted~-into~-the~-
cytoplasm~-through~-pores~-in~-the~-nuclear~-envelope~-called~-nuclear~-pore~-complexes.~-
Lysosomes~-are~-saclike~-structures~-that~-originate~-from~-the~-Golgi~-complex~-and~-
contain~-more~-than~-40~-digestive~-enzymes~-called~-hydrolases,~-which~-catalyze~-bonds~-
in~-proteins,~-lipids,~-nucleic~-acids,~-and~-carbohydrates.~-An~-endosome~-is~-a~-vesical~-
that~-has~-been~-pinched~-off~-from~-the~-cellular~-membrane.

PTS:~ - ~ - 1 DIF:~ - Cognitive~-Level:~-Remembering

4. Which~-cell~-component~-is~-capable~-of~-cellular~-autodigestion~-when~-it~-is~-released~-
during~-cell~-injury?

, a. Ribosome
b. Golgi~-complex
c. Smooth~-endoplasmic~-reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:~- D
The~-lysosomal~-membrane~-acts~-as~-a~-protective~-shield~-between~-the~-powerful~-digestive~-
enzymes~-within~-the~-lysosome~-and~-the~-cytoplasm,~-preventing~-their~-leakage~-into~-the~-
cytoplasmic~-matrix.~-Disruption~-of~-the~-membrane~-by~-various~-treatments~-or~-cellular~-
injury~-leads~-to~-a~-release~-of~-the~-lysosomal~-enzymes,~-which~-can~-then~-react~-with~-
their~-specific~-substrates,~-causing~-cellular
self-digestion.~-The~-chief~-function~-of~-a~-ribosome~-is~-to~-provide~-sites~-for~-cellular~-
protein~-synthesis.~-The~-Golgi~-complex~-is~-a~-network~-of~-flattened,~-smooth~-vesicles~-and~-
membranes~-often~-located~-near~-the~-cell~-nucleus.~-The~-smooth~-endoplasmic~-reticulum~-
is~-involved~-in~-steroid~-hormone~-production~-and~-removing~-toxic~-substances~-from~-the~-
cell.

PTS:~ - ~ - 1 DIF:~ - Cognitive~-Level:~-Remembering

5. Which~-cAMP-mediated~-response~-is~-related~-to~-antidiuretic~-hormone?
a. Increased~-heart~-rate~-and~-force~-of~-contraction
b. Secretion~-of~-cortisol
c. Increased~-retention~-of~-water
d. Breakdown~-of~-fat
ANS:~- C
Antidiuretic~-hormone~-leads~-to~-increased~-retention~-of~-water~-in~-the~-body.~-
Epinephrine~-causes~-increases~-in~-heart~-rate~-and~-force~-of~-contraction.~-Increased~-
cortisol~-secretion~-is~-due~-to~-ACTH.~-Breakdown~-of~-fat~-is~-due~-to~-glucagon.

PTS:~ - ~ - 1 DIF:~ - Cognitive~-Level:~-Remembering

6. During~-which~-phase~-of~-the~-cell~-cycle~-is~-DNA~-synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS:~- B


The~-four~-designated~-phases~-of~-the~-cell~-cycle~-are:~-(1)~-the~-G1~-phase~-(G~-=~-gap),~-
which~-is~-the~-period~-between~-the~-M~-phase~-(M~-=~-mitosis)~-and~-the~-start~-of~-DNA~-
synthesis;~-(2)~-the~-S~-phase~-(S
=~-synthesis),~-during~-which~-DNA~-is~-synthesized~-in~-the~-cell~-nucleus;~-(3)~-the~-G2~ -
phase,~-during~-which~-RNA~-and~-protein~-synthesis~-occurs,~-the~-period~-between~-the~-
completion~-of~-DNA~-synthesis~-and~-the~-next~-phase~-(M);~-and~-(4)~-the~-M~-phase,~-
which~-includes~-nuclear~-and~-cytoplasmic~-division.

PTS:~ - ~ - 1 DIF: Cognitive~-Level:~-Remembering

7. What~-organic~-compound~-facilitates~-transportation~-across~-cell~-membranes~-by~-
acting~-as~-receptors,~-transport~-channels~-for~-electrolytes,~-and~-enzymes~-to~-
drive~-active~-pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:~- C
Proteins~-have~-several~-functions,~-including~-acting~-as~-receptors,~-transport~-channels~-

, for~-electrolytes,~-and~-enzymes~-to~-drive~-active~-pumps~-Lipids~-help~-act~-as~-the~-―glue‖~-
holding~-cell~-membranes~-together.~-Proteases~-cause~-the~-breakdown~-of~-protein.~-
Carbohydrates~-are~-involved~-in~-cellular~-protection~-and~-lubrication~-and~-help~-produce~-
energy~-via~-oxidative~-phosphorylation.