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Ecological Levels of Organization (from biggest to smallest) - ✔✔Biosphere (biomes),
Ecosystem, Communities, Populations, Organism
Biomes - ✔✔Aquatic, Forests, Grasslands, Wetlands
Denitrification (nitrogen cycle) - ✔✔Where nitrogen molecules are "fixed" back to
usable nitrogen. This is done naturally by legumes, algae, bacteria, and lightning
Phosphorus - ✔✔Absorbed by plants through their roots
Photosynthesis - ✔✔A process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light and
energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water
into oxygen and chemical energy.
Transpiration - ✔✔Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
Respiration - ✔✔Inhalation and exhalation of air.
Nutrient cycles are required by organisms for... - ✔✔Growth, reproduction, and
maintenance (not sleep)
Chlorophyll - ✔✔Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out
photosynthesis
Bog - ✔✔Wetland supplied by rainwater, acidic so they accumulate dead and
carnivorous plants
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, Fen - ✔✔Wetland that is supplied by groundwater
Marsh - ✔✔Wetland that has grasses and reeds. Can be tidal or non-tidal.
Swamp - ✔✔Forested (woody) wetland with large trees and shrubs
Niche - ✔✔Role of the organism in the community. Can be competition, predation,
parasitism, mutualism
Mutualism - ✔✔A positive interaction and niche where both species benefit
Commensalism - ✔✔A positive interaction that is not a niche because one species
benefits while the other is unaffected
Competition - ✔✔A negative interaction and niche between two organisms for the same
resource
Predation - ✔✔A negative interaction and niche where one species kills another for food
Succession - ✔✔The series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time
due to geological disturbances
Climax community - ✔✔A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change
in species over time after its final succession
Primary succession - ✔✔An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic
community previously existed like glaciers receding or volcanoes erupting.
Secondary succession - ✔✔Succession following a disturbance that destroys a
community without destroying the soil like forest fires
Pioneer species - ✔✔First species to populate an area during primary succession like
lichen
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