VPHY 3100 Test 3 With Accurate Solutions
What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system? - ANSWER transportation,
regulation, protection
Systemic blood flow - ANSWER from the time blood leaves left ventricle until it returns to
right atrium
Pulmonary Blood flow - ANSWER from the time the blood leaves the right ventricle (and
goes to lungs) until it returns to left atrium
What is the only artery with deoxygenated blood? - ANSWER pulmonary artery
What is the only vein with oxygenated blood? - ANSWER pulmonary vein
Most systemic arteries are ___________ - ANSWER oxygenated
Most systemic veins are _____________ - ANSWER deoxygenated
What is the vena cava? - ANSWER main vein going into the heart
Why is a red blood cell a biconcave disc? - ANSWER more surface area to increase
oxygen
What % of blood is formed elements? - ANSWER 45%
What % of blood is plasma? - ANSWER 55%
Albumin - ANSWER plasma protein that creates osmotic pressure to help draw water
from tissues into capillaries to maintain blood volume and pressure
Alpha and Beta Globulins - ANSWER transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
Gamma Globulins - ANSWER antibodies (AKA immunoglobulins) that function in
immunity
Fibrinogen - ANSWER A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of
fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation, and is
triggered by thrombin.
Hemostasis - ANSWER cessation of bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged
Steps of Hemostasis - ANSWER 1. Platelet plug formation
2. Clot Formation
3. Tissue Repair
Intrinsic Clotting Factor Pathway - ANSWER Factor XII binds to exposed collagen and
, initiates a cascade of other blood clotting factors
Extrinsic Clotting Factor Pathway - ANSWER Tissue factor (Factor III) released from
injured tissue initiates this pathway
How is fibrinogen converted to fibrin? - ANSWER Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin via
clotting factor cascade through 3 linked pathways
Infarct - ANSWER tissue that dies from hypoxia due to lack of blood flow
Thrombus - ANSWER abnormal clot that forms locally to block a blood vessel
Embolus - ANSWER abnormal clot that forms somewhere (often in heart or leg veins)
and then travels elsewhere in bloodstream to block a distant blood vessel)
Ischemia - ANSWER tissue that lacks adequate blood flow and thus decreased oxygen
What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel? - ANSWER Tunica interna, Tunica media, Tunica
externa
Tunica interna - ANSWER inner layer of blood vessel; simple squamous endothelium on
a basement membrane and elastic fibers
Tunica media - ANSWER middle layer of blood vessel; circularly arranged smooth
muscle cells enable vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Tunica externa - ANSWER outer layer of blood vessel; connective tissue matrix and cells
(pericytes)
Arteries and blood delivery - ANSWER Deliver blood to periphery without change in
pressure or composition
What type of vessels are referred to as the resistance vessels? - ANSWER Arterioles
What 3 characteristics of arterioles enable them to provide resistance? - ANSWER 1.
Small diameter: 30µm
2. Proportionately more smooth muscle than even arteries
3. Innervated and responsive to (local and endocrine) humoral factors
What is the only vessel without smooth muscle in its wall? - ANSWER capillaries
3 types of capillaries - ANSWER 1. Continuous
2. Fenestrated
3. Discontinuous (Sinusoidal)
Continuous Capillaries - ANSWER Adjacent cells are close together; found in muscles,
What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system? - ANSWER transportation,
regulation, protection
Systemic blood flow - ANSWER from the time blood leaves left ventricle until it returns to
right atrium
Pulmonary Blood flow - ANSWER from the time the blood leaves the right ventricle (and
goes to lungs) until it returns to left atrium
What is the only artery with deoxygenated blood? - ANSWER pulmonary artery
What is the only vein with oxygenated blood? - ANSWER pulmonary vein
Most systemic arteries are ___________ - ANSWER oxygenated
Most systemic veins are _____________ - ANSWER deoxygenated
What is the vena cava? - ANSWER main vein going into the heart
Why is a red blood cell a biconcave disc? - ANSWER more surface area to increase
oxygen
What % of blood is formed elements? - ANSWER 45%
What % of blood is plasma? - ANSWER 55%
Albumin - ANSWER plasma protein that creates osmotic pressure to help draw water
from tissues into capillaries to maintain blood volume and pressure
Alpha and Beta Globulins - ANSWER transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
Gamma Globulins - ANSWER antibodies (AKA immunoglobulins) that function in
immunity
Fibrinogen - ANSWER A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of
fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation, and is
triggered by thrombin.
Hemostasis - ANSWER cessation of bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged
Steps of Hemostasis - ANSWER 1. Platelet plug formation
2. Clot Formation
3. Tissue Repair
Intrinsic Clotting Factor Pathway - ANSWER Factor XII binds to exposed collagen and
, initiates a cascade of other blood clotting factors
Extrinsic Clotting Factor Pathway - ANSWER Tissue factor (Factor III) released from
injured tissue initiates this pathway
How is fibrinogen converted to fibrin? - ANSWER Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin via
clotting factor cascade through 3 linked pathways
Infarct - ANSWER tissue that dies from hypoxia due to lack of blood flow
Thrombus - ANSWER abnormal clot that forms locally to block a blood vessel
Embolus - ANSWER abnormal clot that forms somewhere (often in heart or leg veins)
and then travels elsewhere in bloodstream to block a distant blood vessel)
Ischemia - ANSWER tissue that lacks adequate blood flow and thus decreased oxygen
What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel? - ANSWER Tunica interna, Tunica media, Tunica
externa
Tunica interna - ANSWER inner layer of blood vessel; simple squamous endothelium on
a basement membrane and elastic fibers
Tunica media - ANSWER middle layer of blood vessel; circularly arranged smooth
muscle cells enable vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Tunica externa - ANSWER outer layer of blood vessel; connective tissue matrix and cells
(pericytes)
Arteries and blood delivery - ANSWER Deliver blood to periphery without change in
pressure or composition
What type of vessels are referred to as the resistance vessels? - ANSWER Arterioles
What 3 characteristics of arterioles enable them to provide resistance? - ANSWER 1.
Small diameter: 30µm
2. Proportionately more smooth muscle than even arteries
3. Innervated and responsive to (local and endocrine) humoral factors
What is the only vessel without smooth muscle in its wall? - ANSWER capillaries
3 types of capillaries - ANSWER 1. Continuous
2. Fenestrated
3. Discontinuous (Sinusoidal)
Continuous Capillaries - ANSWER Adjacent cells are close together; found in muscles,
