Practice Questions - CDR Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+

Practice Questions - CDR Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ What is the hormone that lowers blood glucose?* A. Glucocorticoids B. Glucagon C. Somatostatin D. Insulin - Answer: D. Insulin What is the precursor for serotonin? Tryptophan Tyrosine Niacin Threonine - Answer: Tryptophan Which of the following can be caused by not washing your hands, found in reheated foods, and cannot be destroyed by cooking? a. Listeria Monocytogenes b. Staphylococcus Aureus c. Vibrio/Vulnificus d. Campylobacter Jejuni - Answer: a. Listeria Monocytogenes - raw unpasteurized milk or contaminated veggies b. Staphylococcus Aureus - contaminated hands **** c. Vibrio/Vulnificus - eating raw or undercooked shellfish d. Campylobacter Jejuni - raw or undercooked poultry Which of the following food items is considered low in saturated fat? a. Wheat crackers with 2 g saturated fat/serving b. Rice cakes with 1 g saturated fat/serving c. Goldfish with 1.5 g saturated fat/serving d. Graham crackers with 3 g saturated fat/serving - Answer: a. Wheat crackers with 2 g saturated fat/serving b. Rice cakes with 1 g saturated fat/serving ***** c. Goldfish with 1.5 g saturated fat/serving d. Graham crackers with 3 g saturated fat/serving Cost of the raw food and beverage sold is known as which of the following? a. Gross profit b. COGS c. Net profit d. Revenue. - Answer: a. Gross profit b. COGS - cost of acquiring or manufacturing the products that a company sells during a period **** c. Net profit d. Revenue. Which agency is involved with interstate shipping of shellfish, as well as domestic and imported foods? a. USDA b. FSIS c. FTC d. FDA - Answer: a. USDA b. FSIS c. FTC d. FDA ***** ensures all domestic and imported foods are safe A school cafeteria is preparing tacos with ground beef for lunch. What is the recommended internal temperature for the ground beef? a. 145 degrees F b. 160 degrees F c. 165 degrees F d. 170 degrees F - Answer: b. 160 degrees F ***** You are purchasing a 12lb Turkey with an AP price of $25.00. After preparation, 9lb of turkey is edible. What is the EP price per pound of the turkey? a. $2.00/lb b. $2.77/lb c. $2.08/lb d. $2.17/lb - Answer: b. $2.77/lb ***** $25/9 lb = 2.77 How would you prevent re-feeding syndrome? a. Start EN feeding at 25% of goal rate and slowly advance over 3-5 days while monitoring labs. b. Start EN feeding at 50% of goal rate and slowly advance over 3-5 days while monitoring labs. c. Start EN feeding at 75% of goal rate and slowly advance over 1-5 days while monitoring labs. d. Start EN feeding at 25% of goal rate and slowly advance over 1-7 days while monitoring labs. - Answer: a. Start EN feeding at 25% of goal rate and slowly advance over 3-5 days while monitoring labs. ***** A seasoned marathon runner may experience what compensatory mechanism during a race? a. Increased bicarb production b. Decreased bicarb production c. Increased CO2 production d. Decreased CO2 production - Answer: b. Decreased bicarb production ***** A Dietitian working closely with the interdisciplinary team to assess the health status of various individuals in the community would best benefit from utilizing which of the following? a. 24-hour recall b. Food frequency questionnaire c. Food diary d. Health risk appraisal - Answer: d. Health risk appraisal ***** An albumin level of 6.5 likely represents: a. Overhydration b. Dehydration c. Within normal range d. Increased protein intake - Answer: b. Dehydration ***** high alb c. Within normal range - normal is 3.5-5 A patient who is iron deficient is now being given iron shots monthly. You would expect the iron shots to: a. Increase transferrin, decrease ferritin b. Increase transferrin, increase ferritin c. Decrease transferrin, increase ferritin d. Decrease transferrin, decrease ferritin - Answer: c. Decrease transferrin, increase ferritin **** If a group of patients consume 2 cups of Kombucha per week they have a relative risk of 0.40 of developing disease by the time they are 60 years old compared to another group of clients who do not consume Kombucha. What does this indicate? - Answer: 40% risk of developing disease, you need to focus on the remaining percentage of the group not having/reduced risk of developing disease; 100% - 40% = 60%. A company reviews end of the year sales and notices that their profit margin is 12% and product turnover is 75%. Which of the following should most likely be changed? Portion size Price Promotion Hours of operation - Answer: Portion size ***** portion sizes should be decreased in order to save on costs (increased profit margin). Portion size also relates to inventory/product. A patient has high levels of calcium. What will secrete to lower calcium levels? Calcitriol - Calcitonin PTH Calcidiol - Answer: Calcitriol - active form of Vitamin D Calcitonin ***** TONES down calcium PTH - increases calcium levels and decreases phosphorus levels in order to balance each other out Calcidiol - inactive form of Vitamin D. Which of the following is the best representation of a patient on a level 2, level 4 diet? Ensure and nut butter Ensure and custard Grapes and tea Chicken noodle soup and milk - Answer: Ensure and nut butter - Nut butter is considered to be too sticky Ensure and custard **** Ensure supplementation is considered to be mildly thick and custard is allowed on a pureed diet as long as there are no lumps. Grapes and tea - Grapes can be a choking hazard, tea/soup are too thin. Chicken noodle soup and milk A patient who is currently on cyclosporine, should most likely avoid which of the following herbs? Kava Gingko biloba Comfrey St johns wort - Answer: Kava - related to liver Gingko biloba - avoid with brain meds***** Comfrey - related to liver St johns wort - intersects with various other meds What is the hidden cost of a product with a raw food cost of $3.45? 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 - Answer: 0.35 **** hidden food cost is 10% of raw food cost A patient at the hospital with acute pancreatitis has had poor PO intake for greater than 7 days and mild loss of fat stores. Which of the following is the best diagnostic criteria for malnutrition for this patient? Severe wasting and fat loss Severe protein calorie malnutrition Moderate protein calorie malnutrition Mild protein calorie malnutrition - Answer: Moderate protein calorie malnutrition ***** Mild protein calorie malnutrition - not used when diagnosing malnutrition Researchers are studying a group of people who have DM compared to a group who are showing symptoms of being excessively thirsty. Which study best relates to this scenario? Retrospective Prospective Case control Rct - Answer: Retrospective - looks back in time Prospective - looks into the future Case control - 2 groups, one with and one without disease **** Rct - same diagnosis between 2 groups In regards to glycosylated hgb, which of the following is considered the most at risk for developing diabetes? 6-7% 5.9-6.4% 4.2-6% 7.5-8.5% - Answer: 5.9-6.4% ***** indicates higher risk for developing, 6.5% officially has it already Upon admission, a patient should be screened within __ hours, and assessed within __ hours. 24,48 24,12 12,24 48,24 - Answer: 24,48 Which of the following best relates to involuntary weight loss? Hepatitis Pancreatitis Strength training Cardiac cachexia - Answer: Strength training - voluntary Cardiac cachexia ***** caused by heart disease Which of the following do you need in order to make a roux? Half fat, half flour Half fat, half water Half flour, half salt Half flour, half water - Answer: Half fat, half flour **** - melted together, commonly used as a thickening agent in cooking stews and sauces All of the following are considered to be associated with nominal order except which of the following? Gender Marital status Race Rank - Answer: Gender - do not need a specific order Marital status - do not need a specific order Race - do not need a specific order Rank - specific order ***** All of the following are considered to be types of qualitative research except: Survey Case report Case study Cohort - Answer: Survey - quantitative; uses numerical analysis Case report - quantitative; uses numerical analysis Case study - quantitative; uses numerical analysis Cohort **** - looks at specific characteristics in a specific timeframe A facility decides to purchase plastic silverware for the dining room. Which of the following is being exemplified? Fixed Variable Semi variable Indirect - Answer: Variable ***** any expense that changes based on how much a company produces and sells. The detoxification of carcinogens is mostly related to which of the following? Isoflavones Thiols Antioxidant Phytochemicals - Answer: Thiols ***** When conducting an employee evaluation or appraisal, which of the following should be utilized? Job breakdown Job description Hourly wage Job specification - Answer: Job breakdown Job description ***** contains role and responsibilities of the position which is what is being evaluated of the employee Hourly wage Job specification - related more to what you need to qualify for the position For a foodservice establishment looking into cutting costs. Which of the following would be the first thing to consider? Equipment Product Time labor - Answer: Labor - most expensive cost A patient is provided 1800 kcal with a 1.5 formula. How many calories from carbohydrates is this patient receiving if there is 50 g protein, 30 g fat, and 80 g carbohydrates in 1L? 256 384 455 550 - Answer: 384 ***** (1800 kcal/1.5 kcal) - 1200 ml x 80g = 96g CHO x 4kcal = 384 For a patient who needs insulin prior to bed to stabilize glucose overnight, which should be recommended? Humalog Lantus Bolus Novolog - Answer: Lantus ***** A LTC facility prepares meals in their main kitchen and transports the trays to the residents rooms on the opposite side of the facility. This exemplifies: Centralized Decentralized Assembly serve Ready prepared - Answer: Decentralized ***** prepared in a conventional kitchen ad then trays are transported to a separate area away from the kitchen Which of the following is best known to be increased with exercise and decreased with the consumption of linoleic acid? LDL HDL Cholesterol TG - Answer: LDL - decreases with soluble fiber intake HDL ***** increase in exercise can help increase and omega-6 decrease due to pro inflammatory Cholesterol TG - decrease with omega 3 intake Which of the following should be recommended for a patient experiencing loss of appetite? Steroids Thiazide Remeron propofol - Answer: Remeron **** Re MEal appetite stimulant) For a starved patient who has just been started on nutrition, which of the following should we be most concerned with as an RD? Hypernatremia Hyponatremia Hyperglycemia Hypertension - Answer: Hyperglycemia ***** can damage vessels that supply blood to vital organs if not treated properly or closely monitored A client with a BMI of 16 visits an RD for weight loss advice. With anorexia being suspected and nutrition being initiated, which of the following will most likely result? Bradycardia Tachycardia Diarrhea No changes in heart rate - Answer: Bradycardia ***** body shuts down in starved state When baking cupcakes, which of the following would be the best option to use as a sugar substitute? Equal Sweet n low Table sugar Splenda - Answer: Splenda ***** best option due to when heated, it provides a similar sweetness to white table sugar What does it mean to have increased lipase and amylase circulation? - Answer: pacreatitis Food service using chilled or frozen foods? Commissary Conventional Assembly serve Ready prepared - Answer: Commissary (central kitchen that makes a large amounts of food that is transported to a smaller service) AKA centralized Conventional (made from scratch on site) Assembly serve (partially or fully prepared foods which are high or slightly modified and served) Ready prepared (food produced on site, held chilled or frozen, reheated and served on site**** Introducing major allergies to a baby at what age? 6 months <6 months 2 years >2 years - Answer: 6 months **** not before 4 months and not after 1 year Maple urine disease - what to avoid in the diet? - Answer: Avoid high protein diet due to increased levels of BCAAs in the blood **** Nephrotic syndrome diet - Answer: Excretion of too much protein in urine because of damaged blood vessels S/S: fluid retention, foamy urine, Limit sodium, mindful of protein intake, fluid restriction Concerns about adding propofol - Answer: Decreased heart rate, Increased potassium, Increased fat, Increased cholesterol Short term may cause apnea or hypotension A meal is served with 2 #8 scoops of broccoli, 1 #4 scoop of soup and 1 #5 scoop of ice cream. How may oz are in this meal ? 25 oz 14 oz 23 oz 20 oz - Answer: 23 oz 2 #8 = 8 oz #5 = 6.4 #4 = 8 oz A food product may be labeled "made with organic ingredients" if ___ % of the ingredients are organically produced 50 60 70 90 - Answer: 70 Where would one find information regarding hazardous exposure to cleaning agents? SDS Servsafe book Hazard data sheets Cleaning procedure manual - Answer: SDS Safety data sheets for employee training - Answer: SDS include info such as the properties of each chemical; physical health and environmental health hazards; protective measures; safety precautions for handling, storing and transporting chemical Diet of a seventh day adventist - Answer: No min altering substances (alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, etc.) Lacto-ovo-vegetarian Saturdays are for rest The primary role in discontinuing nutrition and hydration would be Doctor Dietitian Patient Patients family - Answer: Patient ***** Gastroparesis diet and best option Chicken noodle soup Beef pot pie Bean burrito Spinach salad - Answer: Chicken noodle soup *** avoid rawfruits/veggies, avoid high fiber, avoid high fat, eat small frequent meals beef pot pie - high fat bean burrito - high fiber spinach salad - raw veg & high fiber Exclusive breast feeding is recommended for 6 months 12 months 18 months 24 months - Answer: 6 months**** Patient with angular stomatitis/cheilitis (cracks on lips or inflammation) is deficient in what vitamin (swelling and sores inside of mouth case by folate or B12 deficiency) Vitamin c Vitamin a Vitamin d Vitamin e - Answer: Vitamin c *** NASH patient with a BMI of 33 high FSG and FLP should first consider Weight loss program Low fat diet Diabetic diet Low sodium diet - Answer: NASH - Non alcoholic steatohepatitis Weight loss program **** first line of Tx because NASH is likely caused by weight and may reverse the effects 40 yo man has to go for knee surgery, what covers him while he is out from work Medicare - >65 years old FMLA Workers Comp - not injury at work related SIck time - Answer: Medicare - >65 years old FMLA**** Workers Comp - not injury at work related Sick time - will only cover X amount of hours Insulin Glargine is Short acting rapid acting Long acting Intermediate - Answer: Short acting - Humulin R Rapid acting -Humalog, novorapid, lispro ****Long acting -Levemir, glargine Intermediate - Humulin N A 40 year old male presents to the hospital with hypoxia (absence of oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions). He has a past hx of COPD and CO2 dependence at home. His lab values: CO2 = 65, bicarbonate = 25, pH=6.5 Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis - Answer: Respiratory acidosis **** (High CO2, Low pH; lungs = respiratory) A patient is admitted to the hospital following toxicity to metformin causing AKI. Her pH = 7, bicarbonate = 11, CO2 - 40. Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis - Answer: Metabolic acidosis ***** (low pH, high CO2, bicarbonate low; kidneys = metabolic) The management function in which efficiency and performance standards are measured is known as Organizing Controlling Directing Forecasting - Answer: Controlling ***** measuring objectives Directing (Doing. Day to day work of a classic manager, instructing, guiding, helping employees) Using problem solving and decision making to ensure proper utilization of all resources Planning - first step Organizing - ensuring we have all the appropriate resources Staffing - recruiting, hiring screening, evaluating Controlling - Answer: Planning - first step ****Organizing - ensuring we have all the appropriate resources Staffing - recruiting, hiring screening, evaluating A patient is about to get elective surgery and is on anticoagulants. A patient does what with their vitamin K intake? Avoid high vitamin K foods Eat more than before Have consistent foods containing vitamin K Combine vitamin K with vitamin C - Answer: Have consistent foods containing vitamin K**** When a P value is less than or equal to the significance level, what do you do? Reject the null hypothesis Accept the null hypothesis Depends on other variables Conduct another study - Answer: Reject the null hypothesis A baby receives 120 kcal/kg of formula per day and weighs 6.2 kg. How many ounces of milk would he receive if he was fed 6 times a day? 38 124 6 744 - Answer: 38 *** 120 kcal/kg x 6.2 kg = 744 kcal 744 kcal / 20 kcals/oz = 38 oz per day It would be best to cook a cut of brisket using which method? Roasting Grilling Stewing Frying - Answer: Stewing - tougher cut of meat - cook moist "I'm just so sick of everyone thinking about my weight! It is impossible to lose this weight." is an example of Rolling with resistance Change talk Sustain talk Reflection - Answer: Sustain talk -explaining why i can't change **pre contemplation stage of change When a client is determined, what is the primary task of the dietitian? Raising awareness Develop new skills for maintaining recovery Cope with consequences and determine what to do next Help identify appropriate change strategies - Answer: Help identify appropriate change strategies RDA meets the vitamin/mineral needs of __% of the population 99% 97.5% 75% 90% - Answer: 97-98% --> 97.5% Which lab would be low in metabolic alkalosis Bicarb Co2 Blood pH H - Answer: H Best method to can carrots Boiling water canning Pressure canning Oven canning Sterile canning - Answer: Pressure canning vision problems in older adults may be due to dietary factors such as Excess sodium intake Low Intake of antioxidants Excess intake of fat and cholesterol Low intake of potassium - Answer: Low Intake of antioxidants - vitamins A, C, E Patient with galactosemia would not be able to tolerate Soy milk Meat products Coconut oil Lactaid milk - Answer: ****Lactaid milk - bonds the lactose but leaves the galactose Also avoid organ meats, MSG extenders, dates, bell peppers, whey, milk, lactose, galactose Non-heme Iron Bioavailability 5% 7% 4% 10% - Answer: 4% Hemolytic anemia is a common sign of which deficiency? Vitamin K Vitamin E Niacin Thiamine - Answer: Vitamin E - involved in structure of RBC's A patient is on a 6, 3 diet. What does this mean? regular , thin Pureed, mildly thick Soft, mod thick Liquidized, moderately thick - Answer: Soft, mod thick Which is not one of the 4 critical times for diabetes education and support for a pt with dm? At diagnosis Every 6 months When complicating factors arise When transition in care occur - Answer: Every 6 months - yearly check up Which type of bariatric surgery is restrictive only? Laparoscopic gastric Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Adjustable gastric bypass - Answer: Laparoscopic gastric - malabsorption & restrictive Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy - malabsorption & restrictive *****Adjustable gastric bypass - just cant eat as much Main substrate for energy production when the body is in a starved state? AA Ketones Fat Glucose - Answer: Ketones*** On a printed menu, items that management wishes to sell more of should be placed so that they are the first and/or last thing a customer sees. The positioning strategy is the science of Menu design Menu placement Menu psychology Menu structure Menu engineering - Answer: Menu design - layout Menu placement *****Menu psychology Menu structure - Menu engineering - dog/star/plow/puzzle Which of the following processes occurs in response to an increase in plasma glucose concentration? Glycogen synthesis occurs Gluconeogenesis Insulin decreases Glycogenolysis - Answer: ****Glycogen synthesis occurs Gluconeogenesis - makes new glucose - would make it worse Insulin decreases - high BSG would not want glycogen broken down Glycogenolysis - glycogen broken into glucose Glucose meter reads within a 5 point range each reading Reliability Specificity Sensitivity Valid - Answer: *****Reliability Specificity Sensitivity - not reliable Valid - more for questionnaires and surveys 2 differences between parallel and cross over design rct - Answer: Cross over needs less people - reduced variability but will take longer Parallel can run groups at the same time which saves time but requires more subjects Calorie and protein calculations are done in which stage of ncp? Assessment Diagnosis Intervention Monitoring - Answer: ****Assessment - PMHx, significant events, current admission, chief complaint, pt interview, wt hx, recall, nutrition requirements Which of the following screening tools can be used for the elderly? SGA Nutrition risk screen Nutrition screening index Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) - Answer: SGA Nutrition risk screen Nutrition screening index ***** Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) Determine %IBW, %UBW, AND BMI 5ft 4in Female CW 105# UBW 150# - Answer: 100 + 20 = 120# IBW 105/120 = 88% IBW 105/150 = 70% UBW 48(1.62)^2 = 18.3 BMI What is the mechanism of lactulose? (laxative to draw water into GI tract to help bowel movement) Osmotic Stimulant Stool softener - Answer: Osmotic - may cause diarrhea, works as a laxative SBO is an example of what NC? Altered GI function Impaired nutrient utilization - Answer: ***Altered GI function - problem inside GI tract, digestion, absorption, elimination, exocrine function Impaired nutrient utilization - LFTs, metabolism Patient receives osmolite 1.5 and requires 1600 kcal and 55g PRO. Pt is on levothyroxine, metformin, MVI, determine the TF rate to meet the goals. - Answer: Hold for 4 hours because of levo - must be on an empty stomach Calculate for 22hrs 1600 kcals/1.5 kcals/mL = 1066 mL 1066mL / 22 hr = 48.5 = 50 mL protein needs above 1.5 g/kg in an elderly pt with stage 3 pressure ulcer and impaired renal function may cause Hyperglycemia Dyslipidemia Dehydration Increased wound healing - Answer: Dehydration - more protein = more water; also not recommended for renal issues 56 yom is receiving D10 at 55 ml/hr. They are 67 kg. Whats the GIR? - Answer: mg/kg/min **GIR must be less than 5 55 ml x 24 hr = 1320 ml 1320 x .10 = 132 g 132000/67/1440 = 1.37 mg/kg/min Longest portion of the GI tract is the Duodenum Ileum jejunum Colon - Answer: Ileum - 12 ft Use 4 rolls TP a day and amazon takes 2 days to deliver. You would also like to always have 2 extra rolls. You should order more when you have how many left? - Answer: (4 rolls a day x 2 days to deliver) + 2 safety stock = 10 rolls Restaurant is open Tuesday from 5-11 pm. They typically have a 1.3 times per hour table turnover. They would like to seat 275 customers. How many seats do they need? 211 8 275 35 - Answer: 35 6 hrs x 1.3 = 7.8 people 275 / 7.8 = 35 Boiling eggs is an example of hat type of heat transfer? Conduction Convection Induction Radiation - Answer: Conduction - has to be touching the heat source (ie. tilting skillet, oven) ****Convection Induction Radiation Jello is an example of Gas in liquid Gas in solid Liquid in liquid Solid in liquid Liquid in solid - Answer: Gas in liquid - egg whites Gas in solid - cake Liquid in liquid - gravy *****Solid in liquid Liquid in solid When is it ok to store raw poultry immersed in ice? (assume all other conditions for safe storage have been met.) If it will be used by the end of the day If it will be used by the end of the week If it was received that way never - Answer: If it was received that way A trash can with plastic bags has caught on fire. Which fire extinguisher should you use? A B C D K - Answer: ****A - A frame bon fire B - barrel (gas, oil, grease) C - cable (electrical wires0 D - disaster (combustible metals) K - kitchen fires Which measurement is the basis for a standard scoop size or dish serving? 1 cup 1 pint 1 quart 1 gallon - Answer: 1 quart = 32 oz Scoop size is 32 oz / scoop # Ingredients in a food product are listed on the label in order according to their Volume Weight Similarity commonality - Answer: Weight**** Which research design is not used in sensory evaluation? Paired comparison sensory attribute Observational Duo-trio Staircase procedure - Answer: Paired comparison sensory attribute ****Observational Duo-trio - 3 samples and judge determines which 2 are identical Staircase procedure - given less and less concentrated versions until they cant detect it, and then given more and more concentrated until they can. The primary safeguard of foodservice quality is adherence to Menus Purchase orders Specification HACCP standards - Answer: Specification Definition of product, quality, form, size, grade, brand, style A new patient at Fairview hospital needs a tube feed prescription He is 70 years old, 5'9", 190#. Diagnoses include HTN, T2DM, GERD. What formula might the RD recommend? Osmolite Nepro Jevity Glucerna - Answer: Glucerna ***** pt has DM Which of the following nutrients is essential for cell division during pregnancy and, if deficient, can lead to development of neural tube defects in newborn?* A. Thiamin B. Niacin C. Riboflavin D. Folate - Answer: Folate Which of the following does not have an effect on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement of body composition?* A. Gas in the intestinal tract B. Hydration status C. Body fatness D. Use of alcohol - Answer: A. Gas in the intestinal tract Which research design is not used in sensory evaluation?* A. Paired comparison B. Observational C. Duo-trio D. Staircase procedure - Answer: B. Observational What kind of variable represents the outcome of a study?* A. Dependent B. Independent C. Cohort D. Confounding - Answer: A. Dependent Which protein found in beef softens with moist cooking? A. Collagen B. Elastin C. Albumen D. Myocommata - Answer: A. Collagen Ingredients in a food product are listed on the label in order according to their _____.* A. volume B. weight C. similarity D. commonality - Answer: B. weight What food is most likely to cause solanine poisoning?* A. Deli meats B. Canned fish C. Soft cheeses D. Potatoes - Answer: D. Potatoes The energy needs of an infant from birth to 12 months of age depend on the following factors except _____.* A. growth rate B. length C. weight D. temperature and climate - Answer: B. length Which of the following is true of iron absorption?* A. Vegetables high in vitamin A enhance iron absorption B. Tofu is not a recommended plant-based source of dietary iron C. Heme iron is better absorbed than nonheme iron D. Magnesium inhibits iron absorption from both heme and nonheme sources - Answer: C. Heme iron is better absorbed than nonheme iron This enzyme found in the kidney is needed for the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to the active form.* A. 25-hydroxylase B. 24-hydroxylase C. 1- hydroxylase D. 22-hydroxylase - Answer: C. 1- hydroxylase Included among the different forms of vitamin K are* A. phylloquinone B. menaquinone C. Both of the above D. Neither of the above - Answer: C. Both of the above "Blue zones"—5 populations with a high number of centenarians—primarily follow this eating pattern.* A. Low carbohydrate B. Plant based C. High protein D. Low fat - Answer: B. Plant based Which of the following phytochemicals can reduce serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 10%-15%?* A. Isoflavones B. Carotenoids C. Flavonoids D. Phytosterols - Answer: D. Phytosterols Which of the following is an effective way to make written educational materials relevant to patients?* A. Develop a named character for patients to identify with B. Write in passive voice to help patients be open-minded to the message C. Use third-person "he or she" to generalize the message D. Use 2nd person pronouns to convey directives and recommendations - Answer: D. Use 2nd person pronouns to convey directives and recommendations Which of the following is the strongest predictor of an individual's health status?* A. Age B. Employment C. Income D. Lower health literacy skills - Answer: D. Lower health literacy skills What is the term for subjectively experiencing another person's feelings?* A. Sympathy B. Identification with client C. Affective empathy D. Autonomy - Answer: C. Affective empathy When developing written educational handouts, employ all of the following EXCEPT* A. Use all capital letters to make a point B. Use bold type to emphasize words or phrases C. Limit the use of italics and underlining D. Limit use of light-colored text on a dark background - Answer: A. Use all capital letters to make a point What reference height and weight were used for women when developing calorie recommendations for the US Dietary Guidelines? * A. Height: 5'3"; weight: 115 pounds B. Height: 5'4"; weight: 126 pounds C. Height: 5'5"; weight: 132 pounds D. Height: 5'6"; weight: 120 pounds - Answer: B. Height: 5'4"; weight: 126 pounds Which is the best question to ask when gauging a patient's level of commitment?* A. Which part of what we discussed are you ready to do?" B. "What would be the advantages of making the change?" C. "How do you want your health to improve?" D. "What's worked for you before?" - Answer: A. Which part of what we discussed are you ready to do?" An RDN notices an individual in a nutrition education group is monopolizing the conversation. What is the best course of action for the RDN?* A. Politely ask the participant to give someone else a turn B. Ask a group member who has been quiet to share C. Pull the individual from the group D. With the RDN's back facing the group member who is too talkative, the RDN asks for a volunteer in the group to share - Answer: B. Ask a group member who has been quiet to share Which one of the following foods would likely cause an increase in the gut level of TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide)?* A. Red meat B. Tofu C. Chicken D. Beans - Answer: A. Red meat Which of these food products is made primarily from wheat?* A. Tempeh B. Seitan C. Miso D. Lecithin - Answer: B. Seitan Which ingredient used in cola beverages has been shown to negatively affect cardiovascular function?* A. Citric acid B. Sodium C. Caramel coloring D. Phosphate - Answer: D. Phosphate Breastmilk is rich in* A. glucose B. maltose C. amylose D. lactose - Answer: D. lactose