BIO 363 Final Exam Best Answers 2024-
2025 With 100% Guaranteed Solutions
Trends of human population growth
Per capita energy growth is decreasing; Renewable energy grown by 11%; Growing population
but energy usage remains somewhat constant.
TEK Characteristics
Qualitative, deep historical context, communicated through cultural traditions, rooted in
continuous resource use.
Modern Ecological Knowledge Characteristics
Quantitative, short0term datasets, recorded & published, responds to overexploitation.
TEK Example
Australian indigenous communities using fire to hunt monitor lizards; Clears grass & allows for
native growth.
Emerson & Thoreau
Romantic Transcendental Conservation Ethic (1800s) -- Beauty & spirituality of nature.
John Muir
Preservationist Ethic (1800s-1900s) -- Leave nature untouched.
Gifford Pinchot
Resource Conservation Movement (1865-1946) -- "For the greatest good for the greatest
number for the longest time."
Aldo Leopold
Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic (1887-1948) -- Combined preservation & conservation;
humans are part of ecosystem.
Three Emerging Principles of Conservation Biology
,1. Romantic Transcendentalist-Preservationist Ethic
2. Resource Conservation Movement
3. Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic
Five Principles of Conservation Biology (Soule's)
1. Biological diversity has intrinsic value.
2. The untimely extinction of populations & species should be prevented.
3. The diversity of species and the complexity of biological communities should be preserved.
4. Science plays a critical role in our understanding of ecosystems.
5.Collaboration among scientists, managers, policymakers, &the public is important & often
necessary.
Three Goals of Conservation Biology
1. To document the full range of biological diversity on Earth.
2. To investigate human impacts on species, genetic variation, & ecosystems.
3. To develop practical approaches to prevent the extinction of species, maintain genetic
diversity within species, & protect/restore biological communities & their associated ecosystem
functions.
Kemp's Ridely's Sea Turtle
Rarest & smallest sea turtle; Restricted range; Egg harvesting was banned and fishing nets must
have turtle excluder devices (TEDs); COVID-19 threatened them due to job less, as well as
decreased tourism money, plus hottest summer.
Three Main Types of Biological Diversity
1. Species
2. Genetic
3. Ecosystem
Three Species Concepts
1. Morphological Species Concept
2. Biological Species Concept
3. Evolutionary Species Concept
Morphological Species Concept
Based on visible traits; Hybrids & cryptic species are an issue.
Biological Species Concept
, Based on reproductive isolation; Does not account for asexual reproduction or nuances.
Evolutionary Species Concept
A group of individuals that share similarities in DNA and hence evolutionary past; Requires
laboratory equipment & cannot be used in the field.
Species Richness
Number of different species present.
Species Evenness
How evenly distributed the individuals of the different species are.
Alpha Diversity
The number of species in a given community.
Beta Diversity
Change in species diversity from one community to another.
Gamm Diversity
Total diversity over geographic scales.
Beta Diversity Equation
Beta = Gamma/Alpha
Species Accumulation Curve
EX: Birds have a flat curve, fungi have a steep curve.
Simpson Diversity Index
Considers number of spp and abundance; Score of 0 - 1, which 1 being the highest.
Four Biodiversity Patterns
1. Latitude: Lower latitude = higher biodiversity
2. Area: Larger area = higher biodiversity
2025 With 100% Guaranteed Solutions
Trends of human population growth
Per capita energy growth is decreasing; Renewable energy grown by 11%; Growing population
but energy usage remains somewhat constant.
TEK Characteristics
Qualitative, deep historical context, communicated through cultural traditions, rooted in
continuous resource use.
Modern Ecological Knowledge Characteristics
Quantitative, short0term datasets, recorded & published, responds to overexploitation.
TEK Example
Australian indigenous communities using fire to hunt monitor lizards; Clears grass & allows for
native growth.
Emerson & Thoreau
Romantic Transcendental Conservation Ethic (1800s) -- Beauty & spirituality of nature.
John Muir
Preservationist Ethic (1800s-1900s) -- Leave nature untouched.
Gifford Pinchot
Resource Conservation Movement (1865-1946) -- "For the greatest good for the greatest
number for the longest time."
Aldo Leopold
Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic (1887-1948) -- Combined preservation & conservation;
humans are part of ecosystem.
Three Emerging Principles of Conservation Biology
,1. Romantic Transcendentalist-Preservationist Ethic
2. Resource Conservation Movement
3. Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic
Five Principles of Conservation Biology (Soule's)
1. Biological diversity has intrinsic value.
2. The untimely extinction of populations & species should be prevented.
3. The diversity of species and the complexity of biological communities should be preserved.
4. Science plays a critical role in our understanding of ecosystems.
5.Collaboration among scientists, managers, policymakers, &the public is important & often
necessary.
Three Goals of Conservation Biology
1. To document the full range of biological diversity on Earth.
2. To investigate human impacts on species, genetic variation, & ecosystems.
3. To develop practical approaches to prevent the extinction of species, maintain genetic
diversity within species, & protect/restore biological communities & their associated ecosystem
functions.
Kemp's Ridely's Sea Turtle
Rarest & smallest sea turtle; Restricted range; Egg harvesting was banned and fishing nets must
have turtle excluder devices (TEDs); COVID-19 threatened them due to job less, as well as
decreased tourism money, plus hottest summer.
Three Main Types of Biological Diversity
1. Species
2. Genetic
3. Ecosystem
Three Species Concepts
1. Morphological Species Concept
2. Biological Species Concept
3. Evolutionary Species Concept
Morphological Species Concept
Based on visible traits; Hybrids & cryptic species are an issue.
Biological Species Concept
, Based on reproductive isolation; Does not account for asexual reproduction or nuances.
Evolutionary Species Concept
A group of individuals that share similarities in DNA and hence evolutionary past; Requires
laboratory equipment & cannot be used in the field.
Species Richness
Number of different species present.
Species Evenness
How evenly distributed the individuals of the different species are.
Alpha Diversity
The number of species in a given community.
Beta Diversity
Change in species diversity from one community to another.
Gamm Diversity
Total diversity over geographic scales.
Beta Diversity Equation
Beta = Gamma/Alpha
Species Accumulation Curve
EX: Birds have a flat curve, fungi have a steep curve.
Simpson Diversity Index
Considers number of spp and abundance; Score of 0 - 1, which 1 being the highest.
Four Biodiversity Patterns
1. Latitude: Lower latitude = higher biodiversity
2. Area: Larger area = higher biodiversity
