US EPA Model Lead Inspector Exam Graded A+

US EPA Model Lead Inspector Exam 2023/2
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024 Graded A+
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LeadfInspectorf-fANSWER-Afcertifiedfindividualfwhofconductsfafsurface-by-
surfacefinvestigationftofdeterminefthefpresencefofflead-basedfpaint.

LeadfRiskfAssessorfJobfDescriptionf-fANSWER-
Determiningfthefexistence,fnature,fseverity,fandflocationfofflead-
basedfpaintfhazardsfinfanfentirefresidentialfdwellingforfchild-
occupiedffacility,fandfprovidesfafwrittenfreportfexplainingfthefresultsfoffthefinvestigationfandf
optionsfforfreducingflead-basedfpaintfhazardsftofthefpersonfrequestingfthefleadfinspection.

ResidentialfLead-BasedfPaintfHazardfReductionfActf-fANSWER-
(TitlefXfoffthefCommunityfDevelopmentfandfHousingfActfoff1992)fTheffederalfgovernmentfb
eganftoffocusfonfprimaryfpreventionfoffleadfpoisoningfthroughfidentifyingfandfreducingfleadf
hazards.

Importancefoffleadfpoisoningfprevention/lead-basedfpaintfinspectionsf-fANSWER-
Focusfattentionfonfthefsourcesfoffleadfthatfcouldfpoisonfchildren;fandfreducefthefcostfoffleadf
hazardfcontrolfbyfidentifyingfwhichfsurfacesfarefcoatedfwithflead-basedfpaint.

Leadfinspectorfjobfdescriptionf-fANSWER-Identifyftheflead-
basedfpaintedfsurfacesfinfhousing,fcertifyfthefresultsfoffanfinspectionfinfwriting,fconductfpost
-
hazardfcontrolfclearancefsamplingftofdetermine:fthefspecifiedfhazardfcontrolfstrategyfwasfc
onducted,fthefareafisfsafefforfunprotectedfworkersftofenter,fandfthefareafisfafsafefplacefforfres
identsfandfyoungfchildrenftoflive.

Howfcommonfisfleadfpollution?f-fANSWER-Lead-
basedfpaintfisfpresentfinfroughlyf83%foffallfhosingfstockfinfthefprivatefsectorfandfinfroughlyf90
%fofffamilyfhousingfunitsfinfthefnation'sfhousingfauthorities.

Lead-basedfpaintf-fANSWER-
Paint,fvarnish,fshellac,forfotherfcoatingfonfsurfacesfthatfcontainf1.0fmg/cm^2forfmorefoffleadf
orf0.5%forfmorefleadfbyfweight.

Lead-basedfpaintfhazardf-fANSWER-Anyfconditionfthatfcausesfexposureftoflead-
contaminatedfdust,flead-contaminated-soil,forflead-
contaminatedfpaintfthatfisfdeterioratedforfpresentfinfaccessiblefsurfaces,ffrictionfsurfaces,for
f impactf surfacesfthatf wouldf resultfinfadversef humanfhealthfeffectsfasf identifiedf byf thef EPAfA

dministratorfunderfTSCAfsectionf403.

Lead-basedfpaintfinspectionf-fANSWER-afsurface-by-
surfacefinvestigationftofdeterminefthefpresencefofflead-

,basedfpaint.fAfreportfisfthenfissuedfthatfidentifiesfifftherefisflead-
basedfpaintfpresentfandfwherefitfisflocated.

Deterioratedfpaintf-fANSWER-
Anyfinteriorforfexteriorfpaintfthatfisfpeeling,fchipping,fchalking,forfcracking,forfisflocatedfonfanf
interiorforfexteriorfsurfacefofffixturefthatfisfdamagedforfdeteriorated.

Accessiblefsurfacef-fANSWER-
Surfacefthatfprotrudesffromfthefsurroundingfareaftofthefextentfthatfafchildfcanfchewfthefsurfa
cefandfisfwithinfthreeffeetforftheffloorforfgroundf(e.g.,fwindowfsills,frailing,fandfthefedgesfoffsta
irftreads)

Frictionfsurfacef-fANSWER-
Anfinteriorforfexteriorfsurfacesfthatfisfsubjectftofabrasionforffrictionf(e.g.,fcertainfwindow,ffloor
,fandfstairfsurfaces)

Impactfsurfacef-fANSWER-
Anfinteriorforfexteriorfsurfacefthatfisfsubjectftofdamageffromfrepeatedfimpactsf(e.g.,fcertainfp
artsfoffdoorfframes)

HUDfGuidelinesf-fANSWER-
ThefprimaryfpurposefoffthefGuidelinesfisftofguidefpeoplefinvolvedfinfidentifyingfandfcontrollin
gflead-basedfpaintfhazardsfinfhousing.

Whatfisflead-basedfpaintf-fANSWER-
1fmilligramfperfsquarefcentimeterf(1.0fmg/cm^2)fusingfthefXRFfanalyzerforf0.5%f(orf5,000fp
artsfperfmillion)fusingflaboratoryfanalysisfmethods

AASf-fANSWER-Atomicfabsorptionfspectrometry

A2LAf-fANSWER-AmericanfAssociationfforfLaboratoryfAccreditation

ASTMf-fANSWER-AmericanfSocietyfforfTestingfandfMaterials

CDCf-fANSWER-Centerfforfdiseasefcontrolfandfprevention

CFRf-fANSWER-Codefofffederalfregulations

ICP-AESf-fANSWER-Inductivelyfcoupledfplasmafatomicfemissionfspectrometry

NIOSHf-fANSWER-NationalfInstitutefforfOccupationalfSafetyfandfHealthf(Dept.foffHealth)

OSHAf-fANSWER-OccupationalfSafetyfandfHealthfAdministrationf(Dept.foffLabor)

Pbf-fANSWER-Thefchemicalfsymbolfforflead

,TSPf-fANSWER-Trisodiumfphosphate

RCRAf-fANSWER-resourcefconservationfandfrecoveryfact

HistoryfoffLeadfUsef-fANSWER-
Nearlyfallfoffthefleadfinfthefhumanfenvironmentfresultsffromfhumanfactivities.fOncefleadfisfmi
ned,fprocessed,fandfintroducedfintofthefhumanfenvironmentfitfisfafpotentialfproblemfforever.f
Nofcurrentftechnologyfwillfdestroyfitforfmakefitfpermanentlyfharmless.fHowever,fexposuresft
ofleadfcanfbefcontrolled.

Thefoccupationalfhazardsfoffleadfwereffirstfreportedfinf1713fbyfBernardofRamazzini,fwhofde
scribedfleadfintoxicationfinfpottersfworkingfwithfleadfglazes.f

Inf1913,fDr.fAlicefHamilton,fanfAmericanfoccupationsfhealthfdoctor,fwrotefaboutfpaintersfan
dfthefhazardsfofftheirfwork.

Whyfwasfleadfusedfinfpaint?f-fANSWER-
Asfafpigment,ftofaddfdurabilityfandfcorrosionfcontrol,fandfasfafdryingfagent.

Sourcesfoffenvironmentalfleadfcontaminationf-fANSWER-
Thefprincipalfindustrialfusefoffleadfisfinfthefmanufacturefoffelectricalfstoragefbatteries.fOtherf
usesfincludefthefproductionfoffammunition,fvariousfchemicals,fandfsinkersfforffishingfandfetc
.

Leadfexposuref-fANSWER-
Thefmajorfexposureftofleadfforfmostfadultsfcomesffromfthefworkfplacef(inhalation).fSurfacefd
ustfandfsoilfcontaminationfwithfleadfarefthefmajorfsourcesfoffleadfexposurefforfinfantsfandfyo
ungfchildrenf(ingestion).f(Children:fdrinkingfwaterf[primarilyffromfleadedfsolder,fbrassffitting
sfandffixtures,fandfserviceflines]fcanfcontributeftofleadfpoisoning)

Leadfpaintf-fANSWER-Thefamountfofflead-basedfpaintfinfhousingfisfsignificantf-
fapproximatelyf64fmillionf (pre-1978)fprivatef U.S.f residencesfcontainfatf leastfsomef lead-

basedfpaint.

Childrenfingestflead-basedfpaintfbyfnormalfhand-to-
mouthfactivity.fYoungfchildrenfabsorbfafsignificantlyfhigherfpercentagefoffingestedfleadfthan
fadults.fLeadfabsorptionf isf increasedfbyfmalnutritionfandfpoorf diet.




Leadfinfsurfacefdustfandfsoilfcanfcomeffrom?f-fANSWER-Weatheringfandfchippingfofflead-
basedfpaint,fscrapingfandfsandingfofflead-
basedfpaintfinfpreparationfforfrefinishing,frenovationsfthatfbreakfsurfacesfpaintedfwithflead-
basedfpaint,fabrasionfand/orfimpactfonfdoorsfandfwindows,fatmosphericffalloutffromfthefco
mbustionfoffleadedfgasolinefthatfwasfdepositedfpriorftofthefphase-
downfinfuse,ffactoryfemissions,fdustfandfdirtfthatfisfcarriedfintofthefhomefonfshoesfandfclothin
gf(especiallyffromffactoriesforfconstructionfsitesforfbyfpets)

, Leadfinfwaterf-fANSWER-Lead-
contaminatedfdrinkingfwaterfalsofcontributesftofthefoverallflevelfoffexposuref-
ffromfasf littlefasf 5fpercentf tofmoref thanf 50fpercentf offaf child'sf totalf leadfexposure.f(NAETIfExa

m:f20%fcontribution)

Leadfinffoodf-fANSWER-
Contaminationffromfcontainersfwithfleadfsolder,fleadfglaze,forfotherfmaterialsfwithflead,fbyfai
rbornefleadffromfindustrialforfautomobilefemissionsfdepositedfonftofcropsforfwater,fbyfuptak
efintoffoodfcropsffromfleadfinfsoilforfpesticidesfapplications,fandfdoingftransportationforfproce
ssing.f

Afphase-outfoffleadfsolderfinfcansfbeganfinftheflatef1970s.

Foodfcontainers:fleadfoxidefisfsometimesfusedftofmanufacturefglazesfforfprotectingfceramic
sfandfetc.

Leadfinfotherfsourcesf-fANSWER-
Vinylfminiblindsfarefanotherfpotentialfsourcefoffleadfinfafresidence.f

CDC,fCPSC,fandfthefpublicfhealthfhavefidentifiedftheffollowing:fcrayonsf(importedffromfChil
e),fpaintedfmetalfplaygroundfequipment,fpoolfcuefchalk,fcalciumfsupplementsf(madeffromfb
oneforfoysterfshell),fsomefhairfdyesf(leadfacetate)

CPSCf-fANSWER-ConsumerfProductfSafetyfCommission

Healthfeffectsfoffleadfexposuref-fANSWER-
Thefthreefsystemsfwherefthefeffectsfarefmostfdangerousfare:fthefcentralfandfperipheralfnerv
ousfsystem.fthefcardiovascularfsystemf(includingfthefbloodfformingfsystem),fandfthefkidney
s.f

Exposureftofhighfconcentrationsfoffleadfcanfcause:fretardation,fconvulsions,fcoma,fandfdea
thf(sometimes)

AcutefvsfChronicfexposuref-fANSWER-acutef-fexposurefforfshortftimefatfhighflevels
chronicf-fexposureftoflowforfmoderateflevelsfoverfaflongfperiodfofftime

INSPECTIONfISfAfCRITICALfFIRSTfSTEPfINfSOLVINGfTHEfLEADfPROBLEMfINfHOMESf
THROUGHOUTfTHEfUNITEDfSTATES.fTHEfPRIMARYfSKILLfFORfLEADfINSPECTORfT
OfDEVELOPfIS?f-fANSWER-Documentationfoffinformation

Leadfbasefpaintfisffoundfmorefoftenfinfprefworldfwarf2fhousingfunitsfthanfthosefbuiltfsincef194
0,althoughfallfhousingfconstructedfpriorftof?fIsfatfriskf-fANSWER-1978

Aldofleadfbasedfpaintfisffoundfasfoftenfandfhomesfoffwellftofdofasfthefpoor,fstudiesfprovefthatf
theflowerfincomeffamiliesfarefproportionatelyfaffected.fThisfapparentfdiscrepancyfmaybefdu