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t Markets & Institutions 2nd Edition
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by Brandl Michael, All Chapters 1 - 24
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,TABLE OF CONTENTS t t t
Part I: MONEY AND ITS PRICES.
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1. Introduction and Overview.
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2. Money, Money Supply and Interest.
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3. Bonds, Loanable Funds & Interest Rates.
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4. Interest Rates in More Detail.
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Part II: MONEY AND OVERALL ECONOMY.
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5. Financial Markets through Time.
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6. Aggregate Supply & Aggregate Demand.
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7. Banks and Money.
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Part III: CENTRAL BANKS.
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8. Central Banks.
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9. Monetary Policy Tools.
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10. The Money Supply Process.
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11. Monetary Policy & Debates.
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Part IV: THE BANKING SYSTEM.
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12. Bank Management.
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13. Bank Risk Management & Performance.
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14. Banking Regulation.
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Part V: FINANCIAL MARKETS.
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15. Money Markets.
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16. Bond Markets.
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17. Stock Market & Efficiency.
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18. Mortgage Market.
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Part VI: GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS.
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19. FX.
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20. Global Financial Architecture.
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Part VII: FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
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21. Thrifts and Finance Companies.
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22. Insurance and Pensions.
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23. Mutual Funds.
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24. Investment Banks and Private Equity.
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, CHAPTER t2: tMoney, tMoney tSupply, tand tInterest
2-1 Section tReview
1. What tis tthe tdifference tbetween tmoney tand tcurrency? tWhen tare tthey tthe tsame? tWhy tmight tthey tbe
tdifferent?
ANS: tMoney tis tanything tgenerally taccepted tin texchange tfor tgoods t& tservices. tCurrency tis tissued tby ta tbank
tor tthe tgovernment, tbut tcurrency tis tnot tnecessarily tmoney. tThey tare tthe tsame twhen tthey tare taccepted tin
texchange tfor tgoods tand tservices. tCurrencies tcan tstop tbeing tmoney tif tpeople tdon’t taccepttthem tin texchange
tfor tgoods tand tservices. tIf ta tgroup tof tpeople tstop tusing tcurrency tto tget tgoods tand tservices tbut tinstead tuse
tbananas, tthen tthe tbananas tare tthe tmoney.
2. How tmany tprices tmust ta tbarter teconomy thave tif tthe teconomy thas tfour tgoods? tWhat tif tit thas t400tgoods?
tExplain twhy thaving ta tmoney tin tthe tsecond tcase tis tbeneficial.
ANS: t4 tgoods t= t6 tprices; t400 tgoods t= t79,800 tprices. tMoney tallows tus tto tspecialize tand treduce tour tsearchtcost.
t Money tallows tus tto treduce tthe tnumber tof tstated tprices twe tneed.
3. You tread ta tnews tstory tabout ta tcountry tthat tis tsuffering tfrom trapid, tongoing tincreases tin tthe tcost toftliving.
tWhich tcharacteristic tof tmoney tis tbeing tdirectly tnegatively timpacted tin tthat teconomy?
a. Unit tof taccount
b. Medium tof texchange
c. Store tof tvalue
d. Double tcoincidence tof twants
ANS: tC
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2-2 Section tReview
1. Bobby tis tconfused. tHe tstates: t“Since tprisoners tare tnot tallowed tto tsmoke tin tprisons tany tlonger,
Radford’s texamples tof tcigarettes tin tPOW tcamps tno tlonger tapplies.” tHow twould tyou texplain tto tBobby thow
tRadford’s tstory tdemonstrates tthe tconcepts tof tthe tcriteria tof tmoney, tas twell tas tthe timportance tof tchanges tin
tthe tmoney tsupply?
ANS: tAny tasset tthat tis table tto tbe tstandardized, tdivisible, tdurable tand tin tdemand tcould tbe tcurrency, tas tlong tas
tit tis ta tmedium tof texchange, tis ta tunit tof taccount tand thas tstore tof tvalue. t Cigarettes twere tmoney.
, 2. Proponents tof tthe tGold tStandard, tor tusing tgold tas tmoney, toften targue tthat tit twill tkeep tinflation tunder
tcontrol. tHow tdoes tthe texperience tof tEurope tin tthe tsixteenth tcentury traise tdoubts tabout tthat tclaim?
ANS: tIf tpeople tstart tto thoard tgold tor tsilver, tthere tmay tnot tbe tenough tmoney, tand tan teconomy tcouldtslide
tinto trecession. t If tgold tor tsilver tincreases ttoo trapidly tthe teconomy tcould tsuffer tinflation.
3. Ricardo tand tFriedman tagree tthat tif tthe tmoney tsupply tincreases t“too tquickly” tthe tfollowing thappens:
a. The trate tof tinflation tdecreases.
b. The trate tof treal teconomic tgrowth tincreases.
c. The trate tof tinflation tincreases.
d. The tlevel tof temployment tdecreases.
ANS: tC
2-3 Section tReview
1. A tcritic tof tmoney teconomics tonce tstated, t“if tyou tcannot tmeasure tthe tmoney tsupply taccurately, tit tistnot
tworth tdiscussing tat tall.” tHow twould tyou trefute tthis tstatement?
ANS: tDue tto tchanges tin tfinancial tmarkets, tfinancial tinnovation tand tchanges tin tthe tway tbanks toperate,tled tto
tthe tdecline tin tthe tusefulness tof tM2 tas ta tmonetary taggregate.
2. Economists tare tsearching tfor ta t“good” tmeasurement tof tthe tmoney tsupply. tWhat tconstitutes ta tgood
tmeasurement tof tthe tmoney tsupply?
ANS: tTo teconomists, ta t“good” tmeasurement tof tthe tmoney tsupply tis tone tthat tconforms tto teconomic ttheories
tregarding tinflation tand tthe teconomy. tFor texample, tif tthe tmoney tsupply t(according tto ta tparticular
tmeasurement) tincreases tfaster tthan tthe tgrowth trate tof tthe teconomy, tthen teconomic ttheory tsuggests tthat
tinflation tshould toccur. tOn tthe tother thand, tif tthe tmoney tsupply t(according tto ta tparticular tmeasurement)
tincreases ttoo tslowly trelative tto tthe tgrowth trate tof tthe teconomy, tthen teconomic ttheory tsuggests tthat tthis twill
tresult tin ta trecession. tWhen tthe tmeasurement tof tthe tmoney tsupply tcoincides twithtthese teconomic tpredictions,
tthen tthat tparticular tmeasurement thas tthe tpotential tto tbe ta t“good” tmeasurement tof tthe tmoney tsupply. tDuring
tcertain tperiods tof ttime, tboth tM1 tand tM2 thave tbeen
considered tto tbe t“good” tmeasurements tof tthe tmoney tsupply. tHowever, tthere thave talso tbeen tperiods tofttime
twhere tthe tchanges tin tM1 tor tM2 tdid tnot tcoincide twith teconomic ttheory.
3. Which tof tthe tfollowing tis tthe tbroadest tor tmost tinclusive tmeasurement tof tthe tmoney tsupply?
a. M1
b. M2
c. M3
d. M0
ANS: t B