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conservation - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..the cognitive ability to understand that
objects or substances retain their properties of numbers or amounts even
when their appearance, shape, or configuration changes. (relates to
number, length, mass, weight, and volume) Ex: an experimenter the
same amount of liquid into a short, wide container and a tall thin one
5 - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..A child's conservation ability begins around the age
of ______
Reversibility - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Why do older kids understand the
conservation of pouring the same amount of liquid into a short, wide
container and a tall thin one?
preoperational - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..What stage of development is this?
2 to about 7 years old
-Uses symbols- words, paintings, drawings, movements- to represent
experience and images in their mind; appearances of concrete objects are
perceived naively. Doesn't understand conservation of matter.
-Egocentrc
-Draws a picture of a flower in the garden at home. Perceives a tall glass
as having more water than shorter, wider glass, even though the child
has observed that the same volume of water was poured from the shorter
wider glass into the taller glass.
Develop proficiency in inductive logic
,animism - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..asigning human qualities, feelings, and
actions to inanimate objects (common in the preoperational stage). Ex
"The sub was angry at me and burned me."
magical thinking - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Attributing cause and effect
relationships between own feelings, thoughts, and environmental events
where none exists. Ex if a child says "I hate you" to someone and
something bad happened to that person, the child is likely to believe that
what they said caused the unfortunate event, which is an example of
egocentrism.
The Scribble stage - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The first stage in art skill
development from 2-4 years where children first make uncontrolled
scribbles; then controlled scribbling; then progres to naming their
scribbles to indicate what they represent
The preschematic stage - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The second stage of art
development from ages 4-6, when children begin to develop a visual
schema. Without complete comprehension of dimensions and sizes,
children may draw people and houses the same height and use color
more emotionally or logically. They may omit or exaggerate facial
features or might draw sizes by importance.
the schematic stage - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The third stage of art skill
development from 7-9 years old, where drawings more reflect actual
physical proportions and colors.
pseudorealistic stage - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The fifth stage of art skill
development from 11-13 years. Their art reflects their ability to reason
Dawning Realism - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The fourth stage of art skill
development from ages 9-11, when drawings become increasingly
representational.
,Period of Decision - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..The sixth and final stage of art skill
development for children 14 and up. Art in this stage reflects the
adolescent identity crisis
Viktor Lowenfeld - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Named the six stages in the growth
of art. taught art to blind students, He combined stages of art with human
development to educate these students, wrote "Creative and Mental
Growth (1947)", which was the most influential text in art education in
the latter 20th century. He identified adolescent learning styles as haptic,
focused on physical sensations and subjective emotional experiences,
and as visual, focused on appearance, each demanding corresponding
instructional approaches.
1. Helps develop phonemic awareness
2. Induces memories
3. Influences emotional response
4. Kids hear music and voices and sounds before they can even speak
5. Auditory stimulation
6. Promotes language development
7. Develop aesthetic sense/making music - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..How is
music influential in early childhood education?
Kids must have physical objects to manipulate in order to learn math at a
young age because according to Piaget students do not start out thinking
abstractly. They use the environment around them to interact with and
learn from. Cannot perform early mental operations -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..How must kids participate in pre-mathematical
experiences and why?
Adults can offer activties encouraging decentration/incorporating
multiple aspects, e.g. not only grouping all triangles, but grouping all red
triangles separately from blue triangles - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..How can
adults help children move away from centration?
, "What happened why you did this?" What would happen if you did
this?" This gets kids thinking about their thinking and actions that
occurred previously - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..What types of questions can help
children learn reversibility and develop their cognitive abilities?
1. Asking children to build block structures and dismantle them one
block at a time to reverse the construction.
2. Ask children to retell rhymes or stories backward.
3. Take small groups of children for walks and ask them if they can
return by the same route they came. - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..What activities
can adults do to help children learn reversibility?
Activities to produce and return results, such as
1. Pouring water into different containers
2. Knocking over bowling pins by swinging a pendulum
3. Rolling wheeled toys down ramps
4. Blowing balls through mazes - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..What activities can
adults do to help children realize causal results? (Children often assume
causal results where there are none)
55% - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..By age 2 what percent of brain size is developed
in children?
6 - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..By what age is the brain 90% of its full size?
4- Id, Ego, and Superego - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..What are the 3 structures that
govern personality according to Freud?
id - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..known as the "pleasure principle"; represents the
source of our powerful, instinctive urges, such as sexual and aggressive
urges