PSY2114 - Lecture 4 Exam Questions With
Accurate Answers
What are the 3 stages of birth? - ANSWER The 3 stages of birth are
1) contractions leading to dilation of cervix
2) delivery
3) detachment and expulsion of the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes
What is the size of the average neonate? - ANSWER The average neonate is 20" long and
7.5 pounds
What is the appearance of the average neonate? - ANSWER The average neonate has a
large head, short, bowed legs, round face, and big eyes/forehead
When is APGAR done? - ANSWER APGAR is done 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth
Define preterm - ANSWER Preterm: born before 36 weeks gestation
Define full term - ANSWER Full-term: born between 37 and 42 weeks gestation
Define post term - ANSWER Postterm: born after 42 weeks gestation
What is SGA (small)? - ANSWER SGA: BW below 10th percentile
What is AGA (appropriate)? - ANSWER AGA: BW between 10th and 90th percentiles
What is LGA (large)? - ANSWER LGA: BW above 90th percentile
What is viability? - ANSWER Viability is 22 weeks, 1lb.
How many 22 weekers survive? What is quality of life? - ANSWER 9-30% survive, but
50% of these have major disabilities
What are risk factors for preterm birth? - ANSWER Risk factors include:
- Immature uterus (mom <20yrs)
- Poor nutrition
- Poor prenatal care
- Low SES
- Alcohol, drugs
, - High BP
- Fetal malformations
- Stress
What are major challenges for LBW infants? - ANSWER Challenges:
- LBW infants 25X more likely to die in first month than NBW infants
- Smaller and younger at birth
- Increased risk of vision/hearing loss, learning disability, epilepsy, cognitive
impairments, anxiety
What are some respiratory issues in preterm babies? - ANSWER Preterm infants may
experience respiratory distress, death. Lungs not fully developed, and lack surfactant
When do lungs get surfactant? - ANSWER Surfactant is gained at 34/35 weeks
What is difficult to regulate in preterm babies? - ANSWER Temperature regulation is
hard to regulate due to little fat, sweat glands and brain mechanisms underdeveloped
What circulatory problems may preterm babies have? - ANSWER Preterm babies may
experience brain bleeds and heart valve problems
What are adaptive reflexes - ANSWER Adaptive reflexes: help newborns survive (some
persist throughout life)
What are examples of adaptive reflexes? - ANSWER Adaptive reflexes may include
sucking, withdrawal from pain
What are primitive reflexes? - ANSWER Primitive reflexes are controlled by primitive
parts of the brain; these reflexes mainly disappear by the end of the 1st year
What is the Babinski reflex? - ANSWER When stroking the sole of the foot causes toes to
hyper extend - disappears after age of 1
What is the grasping reflex? - ANSWER The grasping reflex is when an object touches
the palm of the hand and the infant grasps it. Becomes voluntary at ~5 months
What is the Moro reflex? - ANSWER The Moro reflex is when a sudden noise or loss of
support causes the infant to arch the back and throw the arms and leg out, and then
bring them back in. Disappears after 4/5 months
What is the plantar reflex? - ANSWER The plantar reflex is when an infant curls its toes
under when an object is pressed under them. Disappears at ~1 year
What is the rooting reflex? - ANSWER The rooting reflex is a soft touch on the baby's
cheek will cause the baby to turn the head towards the touch and open its mouth.
Disappears at ~3 months
Accurate Answers
What are the 3 stages of birth? - ANSWER The 3 stages of birth are
1) contractions leading to dilation of cervix
2) delivery
3) detachment and expulsion of the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes
What is the size of the average neonate? - ANSWER The average neonate is 20" long and
7.5 pounds
What is the appearance of the average neonate? - ANSWER The average neonate has a
large head, short, bowed legs, round face, and big eyes/forehead
When is APGAR done? - ANSWER APGAR is done 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth
Define preterm - ANSWER Preterm: born before 36 weeks gestation
Define full term - ANSWER Full-term: born between 37 and 42 weeks gestation
Define post term - ANSWER Postterm: born after 42 weeks gestation
What is SGA (small)? - ANSWER SGA: BW below 10th percentile
What is AGA (appropriate)? - ANSWER AGA: BW between 10th and 90th percentiles
What is LGA (large)? - ANSWER LGA: BW above 90th percentile
What is viability? - ANSWER Viability is 22 weeks, 1lb.
How many 22 weekers survive? What is quality of life? - ANSWER 9-30% survive, but
50% of these have major disabilities
What are risk factors for preterm birth? - ANSWER Risk factors include:
- Immature uterus (mom <20yrs)
- Poor nutrition
- Poor prenatal care
- Low SES
- Alcohol, drugs
, - High BP
- Fetal malformations
- Stress
What are major challenges for LBW infants? - ANSWER Challenges:
- LBW infants 25X more likely to die in first month than NBW infants
- Smaller and younger at birth
- Increased risk of vision/hearing loss, learning disability, epilepsy, cognitive
impairments, anxiety
What are some respiratory issues in preterm babies? - ANSWER Preterm infants may
experience respiratory distress, death. Lungs not fully developed, and lack surfactant
When do lungs get surfactant? - ANSWER Surfactant is gained at 34/35 weeks
What is difficult to regulate in preterm babies? - ANSWER Temperature regulation is
hard to regulate due to little fat, sweat glands and brain mechanisms underdeveloped
What circulatory problems may preterm babies have? - ANSWER Preterm babies may
experience brain bleeds and heart valve problems
What are adaptive reflexes - ANSWER Adaptive reflexes: help newborns survive (some
persist throughout life)
What are examples of adaptive reflexes? - ANSWER Adaptive reflexes may include
sucking, withdrawal from pain
What are primitive reflexes? - ANSWER Primitive reflexes are controlled by primitive
parts of the brain; these reflexes mainly disappear by the end of the 1st year
What is the Babinski reflex? - ANSWER When stroking the sole of the foot causes toes to
hyper extend - disappears after age of 1
What is the grasping reflex? - ANSWER The grasping reflex is when an object touches
the palm of the hand and the infant grasps it. Becomes voluntary at ~5 months
What is the Moro reflex? - ANSWER The Moro reflex is when a sudden noise or loss of
support causes the infant to arch the back and throw the arms and leg out, and then
bring them back in. Disappears after 4/5 months
What is the plantar reflex? - ANSWER The plantar reflex is when an infant curls its toes
under when an object is pressed under them. Disappears at ~1 year
What is the rooting reflex? - ANSWER The rooting reflex is a soft touch on the baby's
cheek will cause the baby to turn the head towards the touch and open its mouth.
Disappears at ~3 months
