AP BIOLOGY: UNIT 3 (ENZYMES) TEST Q&A

AP BIOLOGY: UNIT 3 (ENZYMES) TEST
Q&A
Ribozymes - ANSWER-RNA molecules that function as enzymes

reactants - ANSWER-substrate, binds to active site

Energy Barrier/ Transition state - ANSWER-activation energy, energy needed to start
a reaction

enzyme-substrate complex - ANSWER-when a substrate binds to the active site of
an enzyme

inducing strain - ANSWER-enzyme stretches substrate causing it to go into transition
state

substrate orientation - ANSWER-enzymes bring specific atoms to create bonds to
lower activation energy

adding chemical groups - ANSWER-R-groups (amino acids) are added to break
covalent bonds on the substrate

prosthetic group - ANSWER-permanently bound to enzyme

saturated - ANSWER-all of enzymes active sites are full of substrate, plateau on
graph

turnover rate - ANSWER-how long it takes for an enzyme to catalyze a reaction

metabolic pathways - ANSWER-product of a reaction is a substrate for the next
reaction

Homeostasis - ANSWER-The maintenance of stable internal conditions

irreversible inhibition - ANSWER-inhibitor covalently bonds in the active site and
permanently inactivates the enzyme

competitive reversible inhibition - ANSWER-inhibitor binds to active site, temporarily
stops reactions

noncompetitive reversible inhibition - ANSWER-inhibitors bind to allosteric site,
changes enzyme shape, slowing reaction rate down

allosteric regulation - ANSWER-molecule binds to enzyme (anywhere but the active
site)