AP BIOLOGY ENZYMES PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Enzyme's secondary structure - ANSWER-Short range interactions between amino
acids can be alpha-helix or beta sheet. Alphas look like spirals, betas look like flat,
wavy sheets.
Enzyme's tertiary structure - ANSWER-The long range interactions when amino
acids interact with other amino acids a long way down the strand, and as they fold
over, they form a globular structure.
Enzyme's quaternary structure - ANSWER-One globular strand interacts with other
tertiary pieces. When bonds are formed at this level, they are usually hydrogen
bonds, but sometimes it's two hydrophobic pieces interacting, or even ionic bonds.
When an enzyme is unfolded, it's referred to as being denatured.
Rate of reaction - ANSWER-How rapidly or slowly a reaction occurs.
Substrate concentration - ANSWER-As the substrate concentration increases, so
does the rate of reaction, until all of the active sites are bound and the rate of
reaction levels off.
Enzyme concentration - ANSWER-The greater concentration of the enzyme the
greater the rate of reaction.
Active site - ANSWER-catalytic site and binding site together
Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.
Allosteric site - ANSWER-A site on an enzyme other than the active site, to which a
specific substance binds, thereby changing the shape and activity of the enzyme.
Competitive inhibition - ANSWER-Inhibition of an enzyme's ability to catalyze a
chemical reaction via a non-reactant molecule that competes with the substrate(s)
for access to the active site.
substance that resembles the normal substrate competes with the substrate for the
active site
Noncompetitive inhibition - ANSWER-Also known as allosteric inhibition.
Inhibitor molecule binds with allosteric site of enzyme, inducing a change in active
site (or blocking active site)
Cofactors - ANSWER-Small, inorganic chemicals.
Nonprotein molecules that assist enzymes.
activates enzymes by altering the active site of the protein to accept the substrate
molecule
Coenzymes - ANSWER-Organic compounds.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Enzyme's secondary structure - ANSWER-Short range interactions between amino
acids can be alpha-helix or beta sheet. Alphas look like spirals, betas look like flat,
wavy sheets.
Enzyme's tertiary structure - ANSWER-The long range interactions when amino
acids interact with other amino acids a long way down the strand, and as they fold
over, they form a globular structure.
Enzyme's quaternary structure - ANSWER-One globular strand interacts with other
tertiary pieces. When bonds are formed at this level, they are usually hydrogen
bonds, but sometimes it's two hydrophobic pieces interacting, or even ionic bonds.
When an enzyme is unfolded, it's referred to as being denatured.
Rate of reaction - ANSWER-How rapidly or slowly a reaction occurs.
Substrate concentration - ANSWER-As the substrate concentration increases, so
does the rate of reaction, until all of the active sites are bound and the rate of
reaction levels off.
Enzyme concentration - ANSWER-The greater concentration of the enzyme the
greater the rate of reaction.
Active site - ANSWER-catalytic site and binding site together
Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.
Allosteric site - ANSWER-A site on an enzyme other than the active site, to which a
specific substance binds, thereby changing the shape and activity of the enzyme.
Competitive inhibition - ANSWER-Inhibition of an enzyme's ability to catalyze a
chemical reaction via a non-reactant molecule that competes with the substrate(s)
for access to the active site.
substance that resembles the normal substrate competes with the substrate for the
active site
Noncompetitive inhibition - ANSWER-Also known as allosteric inhibition.
Inhibitor molecule binds with allosteric site of enzyme, inducing a change in active
site (or blocking active site)
Cofactors - ANSWER-Small, inorganic chemicals.
Nonprotein molecules that assist enzymes.
activates enzymes by altering the active site of the protein to accept the substrate
molecule
Coenzymes - ANSWER-Organic compounds.
