AP BIOLOGY ENZYMES UNIT 4: EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Enzyme - ANSWER-- A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living
thing
- biological catalysts
- required for most biological reactions
- highly specific
Properties of an Enzyme - ANSWER-- reaction specific
- not consumed in a reaction
- affected by cellular conditions
- won't be changed in a reaction. can catalyze 1000 or more reactions *per second*
Active Site - ANSWER-- a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other
substance during a reaction.
- enzyme's catalytic site
Induced Fit Model - ANSWER-3-D structure of an enzyme fits substrate
How does the environment affect the enzyme function? - ANSWER-- enzyme
concentration
- substrate concentration
- temperature
- pH
- salinity
- activators
- inhibitors
Substrate - ANSWER-reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
- binds to an enzyme
- *enzyme-substrate complex* temporary association
Competitive Inhibitor - ANSWER-A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme
by entering the active site *in place of* the substrate whose structure it mimics.
noncompetitive inhibitor - ANSWER-A substance that reduces the activity of an
enzyme by binding to a location *away from* the active site, changing its
conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
Effect of pH - ANSWER-- changing ph adds or removes hydrogen ions, which can
disrupt 3D shape
- optimal pH -> human enzymes have pH between 6-8
Effect of Temperature - ANSWER-- molecules move around more when they are
heated up.
- but protein will denature w/ more heat
- enzymes have optimal temperature
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Enzyme - ANSWER-- A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living
thing
- biological catalysts
- required for most biological reactions
- highly specific
Properties of an Enzyme - ANSWER-- reaction specific
- not consumed in a reaction
- affected by cellular conditions
- won't be changed in a reaction. can catalyze 1000 or more reactions *per second*
Active Site - ANSWER-- a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other
substance during a reaction.
- enzyme's catalytic site
Induced Fit Model - ANSWER-3-D structure of an enzyme fits substrate
How does the environment affect the enzyme function? - ANSWER-- enzyme
concentration
- substrate concentration
- temperature
- pH
- salinity
- activators
- inhibitors
Substrate - ANSWER-reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
- binds to an enzyme
- *enzyme-substrate complex* temporary association
Competitive Inhibitor - ANSWER-A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme
by entering the active site *in place of* the substrate whose structure it mimics.
noncompetitive inhibitor - ANSWER-A substance that reduces the activity of an
enzyme by binding to a location *away from* the active site, changing its
conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
Effect of pH - ANSWER-- changing ph adds or removes hydrogen ions, which can
disrupt 3D shape
- optimal pH -> human enzymes have pH between 6-8
Effect of Temperature - ANSWER-- molecules move around more when they are
heated up.
- but protein will denature w/ more heat
- enzymes have optimal temperature
