Nagelhout Pharm 2 Exam 3 Questions and
Answers Already Graded A
Class I antiarrhythmics - ANSWER-Sodium channel blockers (procainamide, lidocaine)
Class II antiarrhythmics - ANSWER-Beta blockers (propranolol)
Class III antiarrhythmics - ANSWER-K channel blockers (prolongs depolarization)
(amiodarone)
Class IV antiarrhythmic - ANSWER-Calcium channel blocker (verapamil, diltiazem)
adenosine works on what kind of receptor? - ANSWER-purinergic receptors
3 populations to be cautious of beta blockers in - ANSWER-asthmatics (cause
bronchoconstriction), diabetics (cause hypoglycemia), this with claudication
drug of choice for A-fib/flutter - ANSWER-CCB-diltiazem
alternate: beta blocker
drug of choice for ventricular arrhythmias - ANSWER-amiodarone (K-blocker);
alternate: lido
drug of choice for torsades - ANSWER-magnesium
drug of choice for bradycardia - ANSWER-atropine
drug of choice for tachycardia - ANSWER-beta-blocker
how to you treat dig toxicity - ANSWER-treat however it presents- like a normal
arrhythmia (atrial vs ventricular etc)
BP Category: Normal - ANSWER-SBP <120 and DBP <80
BP Category: Elevated - ANSWER-SBP: 120-129 and DBP <80
BP Category: HTN Stage 1 - ANSWER-SBP:130-139 or DBP: 80-89
BP Category: HTN Stage 2 - ANSWER-SBP: >140 or DBP:>90
Hypertensive crisis - ANSWER-SBP>180 or DBP>120
, Definition: Hypertensive urgency - ANSWER-hypertensive urgency- the a patient comes
to medical attention with severe hypertension (SBP>180 or DBP >120) but does not
have associated acute end organ damage of the CNS, CV system or kidneys
reduce BP over hours to days
Definition: Hypertensive Emergency - ANSWER-hallmark: presence of acute end organ
damage and high degree of BP elevation. End-organ damage is the result of acute rise
in BP
treatment in Minutes- hours to prevent morbidity/mortality
Definition: Hypertensive crisis - ANSWER-more reflective of the high degree of BP
elevation
3 primary systems in the body to maintain BP - ANSWER-autonomic nervous system
(catecholamines--> increased B in kidneys which increases renin--> RAAS)
RAAS
vasopressin
- when you stimulate one, you stimulate them all
How do ACE-I work? - ANSWER-preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II
how do ACE-I cause cough - ANSWER-bradykinin is broken down by ACE; ACE-I
increases bradykinin--> cough
how do ARBs work? - ANSWER-ARBs work by blocking the angiotensin receptor
blocker
Esmolol vs Labetalol - ANSWER-Labetalol:
-is a B and a blocker--> vasodilation
-not cardioselective
-preferred for HTN
Esmolol
-just a B blocker--> vasoconstriction
-shorter acting (broken down by RBC esterase in the plasma)
- "cardioselective" (not really)
-preferred for tachycardia
how does nitroprusside work? - ANSWER-its part of the nitro group so it vasodilates
how is nitroprusside metabolized? - ANSWER-by hemoglobin
how is nitroprusside eliminated? - ANSWER-It goes to the liver. Rhodanese causes
cyanide to act with vitamin B 12 to become thiocyanate which you pee out
What is cyanide poisoning? How is it toxic to the body? - ANSWER-Cyanide poisoning
happens when there is too much cyanide or not enough vitamin B12. It goes into the
Answers Already Graded A
Class I antiarrhythmics - ANSWER-Sodium channel blockers (procainamide, lidocaine)
Class II antiarrhythmics - ANSWER-Beta blockers (propranolol)
Class III antiarrhythmics - ANSWER-K channel blockers (prolongs depolarization)
(amiodarone)
Class IV antiarrhythmic - ANSWER-Calcium channel blocker (verapamil, diltiazem)
adenosine works on what kind of receptor? - ANSWER-purinergic receptors
3 populations to be cautious of beta blockers in - ANSWER-asthmatics (cause
bronchoconstriction), diabetics (cause hypoglycemia), this with claudication
drug of choice for A-fib/flutter - ANSWER-CCB-diltiazem
alternate: beta blocker
drug of choice for ventricular arrhythmias - ANSWER-amiodarone (K-blocker);
alternate: lido
drug of choice for torsades - ANSWER-magnesium
drug of choice for bradycardia - ANSWER-atropine
drug of choice for tachycardia - ANSWER-beta-blocker
how to you treat dig toxicity - ANSWER-treat however it presents- like a normal
arrhythmia (atrial vs ventricular etc)
BP Category: Normal - ANSWER-SBP <120 and DBP <80
BP Category: Elevated - ANSWER-SBP: 120-129 and DBP <80
BP Category: HTN Stage 1 - ANSWER-SBP:130-139 or DBP: 80-89
BP Category: HTN Stage 2 - ANSWER-SBP: >140 or DBP:>90
Hypertensive crisis - ANSWER-SBP>180 or DBP>120
, Definition: Hypertensive urgency - ANSWER-hypertensive urgency- the a patient comes
to medical attention with severe hypertension (SBP>180 or DBP >120) but does not
have associated acute end organ damage of the CNS, CV system or kidneys
reduce BP over hours to days
Definition: Hypertensive Emergency - ANSWER-hallmark: presence of acute end organ
damage and high degree of BP elevation. End-organ damage is the result of acute rise
in BP
treatment in Minutes- hours to prevent morbidity/mortality
Definition: Hypertensive crisis - ANSWER-more reflective of the high degree of BP
elevation
3 primary systems in the body to maintain BP - ANSWER-autonomic nervous system
(catecholamines--> increased B in kidneys which increases renin--> RAAS)
RAAS
vasopressin
- when you stimulate one, you stimulate them all
How do ACE-I work? - ANSWER-preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II
how do ACE-I cause cough - ANSWER-bradykinin is broken down by ACE; ACE-I
increases bradykinin--> cough
how do ARBs work? - ANSWER-ARBs work by blocking the angiotensin receptor
blocker
Esmolol vs Labetalol - ANSWER-Labetalol:
-is a B and a blocker--> vasodilation
-not cardioselective
-preferred for HTN
Esmolol
-just a B blocker--> vasoconstriction
-shorter acting (broken down by RBC esterase in the plasma)
- "cardioselective" (not really)
-preferred for tachycardia
how does nitroprusside work? - ANSWER-its part of the nitro group so it vasodilates
how is nitroprusside metabolized? - ANSWER-by hemoglobin
how is nitroprusside eliminated? - ANSWER-It goes to the liver. Rhodanese causes
cyanide to act with vitamin B 12 to become thiocyanate which you pee out
What is cyanide poisoning? How is it toxic to the body? - ANSWER-Cyanide poisoning
happens when there is too much cyanide or not enough vitamin B12. It goes into the
