MSU NUR 342 midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
45 CFR 46 "common rule" Correct Answers federal regulations
governing research
based on the belmont report
govern IRB functioning
abstract Correct Answers brief description of major features of
a study at the beginning of a journal article
accessible population Correct Answers the portion of the target
population that is accessible to the researcher, from which a
sample is drawn
advan/disadvan of nonexperimental Correct Answers (-) does
not yield persuasive evidence for causal inferences (not a
problem when the aim is description but correlational studies are
often undertaken to discover causes
(+) efficient way to college large amounts sof data when the
intervention and or randomization is not possible
advantages and disadvantage of quasi Correct Answers may be
easier and more practical than true experiments but they make it
more difficult to infer causlity and usually there are several
alternative rival hypotheses for results
advantages of RCT Correct Answers most powerful for
detecting cause and effect relationships
background question Correct Answers asks for general info
about a clinical issue
,usually has two components (starting place of question and
outcome in interest)
broader in scope than a PICOT question
barriers to appreciation of research risk Correct Answers
therapeutic misconception
legacy misconception
beecher article Correct Answers 1965 speech in michigan
claiming ethical breeches in research widespread catches
attention of press
june 1966 "ethics and clinical research"
problems included: effective treatment withheld, little or
misleading consent
belmont report Correct Answers nationaal research act
established the national commission for the protection of human
subjects of biomedical and behavioral research
made the 45CFR46 "common rule" and OHRP
beneficence Correct Answers one should act for the benefit of
others, encompasses both maximizing positive good and
minimizing or preventing harm
Bias Correct Answers a distortion or influence that results in an
error in inference
biologic plausibility Correct Answers the causal relationship
should be consistent with evidence from basic physiologic
studies
,blinding Correct Answers (or masking) which is used in some
quantitative studies to prevent biases stemming from people's
awareness
could blind participants, data collectors, or care providers
blinding or masking Correct Answers to prevent biases
stemming from awareness
blinding involved concealing information from participants, data
collectors, care providers, intervention agents, or data analysts
bumper car ethics Correct Answers assess for danger, assess
competence, assess patient decision making capacity
care related Correct Answers equity, context is a primary
consideration, little help in specific cases, concrete cognitive,
from the individual, important, immersion in narrative
care theories put more emphasis on: Correct Answers
relationships - specific contextual obligation rather than
universal duty
tradition
responsibilities (deontological tell you what you cant do), less
emphasis on rights more on responsibilities
less contractual
consensus techniques
communal values (culture important, value more relative to
community)
emotions (threat to moral thinking in deontological theories)
, carol gilligan Correct Answers to see self-sufficiency as the
hallmark of maturity conveys a view of adult life that is at odds
with the human condition
case control Correct Answers subjects are selected based on
their disease/case status
look backwardss to determine which subjects had the
exposure/risk factor
case study Correct Answers non experimental, no comparison
categorically vulnerable groups Correct Answers children,
prisonerss, pregnant women and fetuses
causality Correct Answers many (if not most) quantitative
resarch questions are about causes and effects
research questions that seek to illuminate causal relationships
need to be addressed with appropriate designs
charles taylor Correct Answers ethnocentrism.. is a
consequence of collapsing the distinction between the
transcendental conditions and the actual contents of a culture
children Correct Answers parental/guardian consent. assent of
child
research with greater than minimal risks must be justified by
potential benefit to the child
clinical equipoise Correct Answers there is no consensus
within the expert clinical community about the comparative
merits of the alternatives to be tested
45 CFR 46 "common rule" Correct Answers federal regulations
governing research
based on the belmont report
govern IRB functioning
abstract Correct Answers brief description of major features of
a study at the beginning of a journal article
accessible population Correct Answers the portion of the target
population that is accessible to the researcher, from which a
sample is drawn
advan/disadvan of nonexperimental Correct Answers (-) does
not yield persuasive evidence for causal inferences (not a
problem when the aim is description but correlational studies are
often undertaken to discover causes
(+) efficient way to college large amounts sof data when the
intervention and or randomization is not possible
advantages and disadvantage of quasi Correct Answers may be
easier and more practical than true experiments but they make it
more difficult to infer causlity and usually there are several
alternative rival hypotheses for results
advantages of RCT Correct Answers most powerful for
detecting cause and effect relationships
background question Correct Answers asks for general info
about a clinical issue
,usually has two components (starting place of question and
outcome in interest)
broader in scope than a PICOT question
barriers to appreciation of research risk Correct Answers
therapeutic misconception
legacy misconception
beecher article Correct Answers 1965 speech in michigan
claiming ethical breeches in research widespread catches
attention of press
june 1966 "ethics and clinical research"
problems included: effective treatment withheld, little or
misleading consent
belmont report Correct Answers nationaal research act
established the national commission for the protection of human
subjects of biomedical and behavioral research
made the 45CFR46 "common rule" and OHRP
beneficence Correct Answers one should act for the benefit of
others, encompasses both maximizing positive good and
minimizing or preventing harm
Bias Correct Answers a distortion or influence that results in an
error in inference
biologic plausibility Correct Answers the causal relationship
should be consistent with evidence from basic physiologic
studies
,blinding Correct Answers (or masking) which is used in some
quantitative studies to prevent biases stemming from people's
awareness
could blind participants, data collectors, or care providers
blinding or masking Correct Answers to prevent biases
stemming from awareness
blinding involved concealing information from participants, data
collectors, care providers, intervention agents, or data analysts
bumper car ethics Correct Answers assess for danger, assess
competence, assess patient decision making capacity
care related Correct Answers equity, context is a primary
consideration, little help in specific cases, concrete cognitive,
from the individual, important, immersion in narrative
care theories put more emphasis on: Correct Answers
relationships - specific contextual obligation rather than
universal duty
tradition
responsibilities (deontological tell you what you cant do), less
emphasis on rights more on responsibilities
less contractual
consensus techniques
communal values (culture important, value more relative to
community)
emotions (threat to moral thinking in deontological theories)
, carol gilligan Correct Answers to see self-sufficiency as the
hallmark of maturity conveys a view of adult life that is at odds
with the human condition
case control Correct Answers subjects are selected based on
their disease/case status
look backwardss to determine which subjects had the
exposure/risk factor
case study Correct Answers non experimental, no comparison
categorically vulnerable groups Correct Answers children,
prisonerss, pregnant women and fetuses
causality Correct Answers many (if not most) quantitative
resarch questions are about causes and effects
research questions that seek to illuminate causal relationships
need to be addressed with appropriate designs
charles taylor Correct Answers ethnocentrism.. is a
consequence of collapsing the distinction between the
transcendental conditions and the actual contents of a culture
children Correct Answers parental/guardian consent. assent of
child
research with greater than minimal risks must be justified by
potential benefit to the child
clinical equipoise Correct Answers there is no consensus
within the expert clinical community about the comparative
merits of the alternatives to be tested
