TJC A&P 1 2401 Exam 1 Questions &
Answers
Homeostasis - ANSWERSthe organisms ability to maintain (balance) internal conditions
(homeostatic variables) within their normal ranges or around a set point & maintain an internal
"steady state".
Homeostasis - ANSWERSstate of healthiness
Homeostatic Body Tempature - ANSWERS98.6*F/37*C
Homeostatic Blood pH - ANSWERS7.35-7.45
Homeostatic Blood Sugar - ANSWERS70-100 mg/dL
Homeostatic Blood Pressure - ANSWERS90-120/60-80 mmHg
Homeostatic Heart Rate - ANSWERS60-100 bpm
Homeostatic Oxygen - ANSWERS80-100 mmHg
Homeostatic Carbon Dioxide - ANSWERS35-45 mmHg
Homeostatic Bicarbonate - ANSWERS22-26 mEq/L
,Homeostatic Various Ions - ANSWERSMg(2+), Ca(2+), Na+, K+, Cl-
Components of a Homeostatic System - ANSWERSStimulus-Receptor-Control Center-Effector
Stimulus - ANSWERSthe change in the homeostatic variable
Receptor - ANSWERSdetects change in a homeostatic variable
Receptor(blood) - ANSWERSresponds to changes in chemical composition of body fluids
Receptor(skin and hypothalamus) - ANSWERSrespond to changes in the body tempature
Receptor(eye) - ANSWERSrespond to changes in light intensity
Receptor(blood vessels) - ANSWERSrespond to changes in stretch
Control Center - ANSWERSintegrates information received and initiates a change(integrates &
initiates)
*brain & endocrine glands
Effector - ANSWERSreturns variable within "normal limits" (negative feedback)
amplifies the change in the variable (positive feedback)
*muscles & glands
Negative Feedback - ANSWERS(controls most body processes)
returns the homeostatic variable within normal limits or around a set point.
,moves the variable in the opposite direction to bring it into normal range.
Negative Feedback Example - ANSWERSTempature
Positive Feedback System - ANSWERS(occurs much less frequently)
stimulus reinforced to continue moving variable in same direction until a climatic event occurs,
then body returns to homeostasis.
Positive Feedback Examples - ANSWERSBreastfeeding & Labor
Physiologist - ANSWERSHow does it work?
How is it used?
Anatomist - ANSWERSWhat does it look like?
What kind of stuff makes it up?
Anatomy - ANSWERSstudies the form and structure of the body
Physiology - ANSWERSexamines how the body functions (processes)
Microscopic Anatomy - ANSWERSexamines structures that cannot be observed by the unaided
eye.
specimens examined under microscope.
Cytology - ANSWERSstudy of body cells and their internal structures
Histology - ANSWERSstudy of tissues
, Gross Anatomy, or Macroscopic Anatomy - ANSWERSinvestigates structures visible to the
unaided eye.
specimens dissected for examination.
Division of Gross Anatomy - ANSWERSSystemic, Regional, Surface & Embryology
Systemic Anatomy - ANSWERSstudies anatomy of each functional body system
Regional Anatomy - ANSWERSexamines all of the structures in a particular region of the body
Surface Anatomy - ANSWERSstudies anatomical landmarks on the exterior of the body and
assist in locating the positions of various internal structures
Embryology - ANSWERSstudies developmental changes from conception to birth
Subdivisions of Physiology - ANSWERSCardiovascular, Neurophysiology, Respiratory physiology,
Reproductive physiology & Pathophysiology
Physiologists - ANSWERSfocus their studies on a particular body system and examine the
activities of these systems by focusing on the molecular and cellular level
Cardiovascular - ANSWERSfunctioning of the heart, blood vessels & blood
Neurophysiology - ANSWERSfunctioning of the nerves and nervous system organs
Respiratory Physiology - ANSWERSfunctioning of the respiratory organs
Answers
Homeostasis - ANSWERSthe organisms ability to maintain (balance) internal conditions
(homeostatic variables) within their normal ranges or around a set point & maintain an internal
"steady state".
Homeostasis - ANSWERSstate of healthiness
Homeostatic Body Tempature - ANSWERS98.6*F/37*C
Homeostatic Blood pH - ANSWERS7.35-7.45
Homeostatic Blood Sugar - ANSWERS70-100 mg/dL
Homeostatic Blood Pressure - ANSWERS90-120/60-80 mmHg
Homeostatic Heart Rate - ANSWERS60-100 bpm
Homeostatic Oxygen - ANSWERS80-100 mmHg
Homeostatic Carbon Dioxide - ANSWERS35-45 mmHg
Homeostatic Bicarbonate - ANSWERS22-26 mEq/L
,Homeostatic Various Ions - ANSWERSMg(2+), Ca(2+), Na+, K+, Cl-
Components of a Homeostatic System - ANSWERSStimulus-Receptor-Control Center-Effector
Stimulus - ANSWERSthe change in the homeostatic variable
Receptor - ANSWERSdetects change in a homeostatic variable
Receptor(blood) - ANSWERSresponds to changes in chemical composition of body fluids
Receptor(skin and hypothalamus) - ANSWERSrespond to changes in the body tempature
Receptor(eye) - ANSWERSrespond to changes in light intensity
Receptor(blood vessels) - ANSWERSrespond to changes in stretch
Control Center - ANSWERSintegrates information received and initiates a change(integrates &
initiates)
*brain & endocrine glands
Effector - ANSWERSreturns variable within "normal limits" (negative feedback)
amplifies the change in the variable (positive feedback)
*muscles & glands
Negative Feedback - ANSWERS(controls most body processes)
returns the homeostatic variable within normal limits or around a set point.
,moves the variable in the opposite direction to bring it into normal range.
Negative Feedback Example - ANSWERSTempature
Positive Feedback System - ANSWERS(occurs much less frequently)
stimulus reinforced to continue moving variable in same direction until a climatic event occurs,
then body returns to homeostasis.
Positive Feedback Examples - ANSWERSBreastfeeding & Labor
Physiologist - ANSWERSHow does it work?
How is it used?
Anatomist - ANSWERSWhat does it look like?
What kind of stuff makes it up?
Anatomy - ANSWERSstudies the form and structure of the body
Physiology - ANSWERSexamines how the body functions (processes)
Microscopic Anatomy - ANSWERSexamines structures that cannot be observed by the unaided
eye.
specimens examined under microscope.
Cytology - ANSWERSstudy of body cells and their internal structures
Histology - ANSWERSstudy of tissues
, Gross Anatomy, or Macroscopic Anatomy - ANSWERSinvestigates structures visible to the
unaided eye.
specimens dissected for examination.
Division of Gross Anatomy - ANSWERSSystemic, Regional, Surface & Embryology
Systemic Anatomy - ANSWERSstudies anatomy of each functional body system
Regional Anatomy - ANSWERSexamines all of the structures in a particular region of the body
Surface Anatomy - ANSWERSstudies anatomical landmarks on the exterior of the body and
assist in locating the positions of various internal structures
Embryology - ANSWERSstudies developmental changes from conception to birth
Subdivisions of Physiology - ANSWERSCardiovascular, Neurophysiology, Respiratory physiology,
Reproductive physiology & Pathophysiology
Physiologists - ANSWERSfocus their studies on a particular body system and examine the
activities of these systems by focusing on the molecular and cellular level
Cardiovascular - ANSWERSfunctioning of the heart, blood vessels & blood
Neurophysiology - ANSWERSfunctioning of the nerves and nervous system organs
Respiratory Physiology - ANSWERSfunctioning of the respiratory organs
