NRSG 421 Final Exam || QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS; GRADED A+
arterial blood gases (ABGs) correct answers a test performed on arterial blood to determine
levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present
alkalosis treatment correct answers want to increase the acid!
- sodium chloride (mild) or ammonium chloride (severe)
Alkalosis and potassium correct answers alkalosis leads to hypokalemia
- treat with KCL (potassium chloride)
Alkalosis Signs and Symptoms correct answers - increased excitability of CNS
- light headedness
- numbness/tingling
- confusion
-inability to concentrate
-blurred vision
-decrease electrolytes
-hypokalemia
acidosis treatment correct answers sodium bicarbonate to increase the base!
acidosis and potassium correct answers acidosis leads to hyperkalemia
- want to treat with polystyrene sulphate AKA kayexalate
acidosis signs and symptoms correct answers decreased excitability of CNS:
- restlessness
- headache
- drowsiness
- disorientation
- coma
cardiovascular:
- dysrhythmias
- decreased cardiac contractility
- hypotension
Causes of respiratory acidosis correct answers - sleep apnea
- opioids and drugs
- alcohol
- COPD
- pneumonia
- head trauma
- post surgical
Causes of respiratory alkalosis correct answers - hyperventilation due to panic attacks
- pneumonia
- PE
, Causes of metabolic acidosis correct answers Think ASS (anything GI)
- Starvation, dehydration, diarrhea, shock, renal failure, and diabetic ketoacidosis.
Causes of metabolic alkalosis correct answers Think "ALK ALK" (vomiting)
- loss of GI secretions
- NG suction
- vomiting
- bleeding
Fully compensated correct answers pH normal
PaCO2 & HCO3 abnormal
Partially compensated correct answers All 3 values will be abnormal.
Uncompensated correct answers pH and one other value is abnormal
What is COPD? correct answers - disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not
fully reversible
- small airways in the lungs are damaged, making it hard to air to get in or out!
3 teaching points with COPD correct answers 1: prevention
- stop smoking
2: manage
- bronchodilators (albuterol)
- corticosteroids (prednisone)
- oxygen therapy
3: action plan
- pursed lip breathing
- huff coughing
- stop smoking
COPD S/S correct answers - barrel chest
- Sit in a tripod position (leaning forward with arms braced on knees or chair)
- Clubbing of distal phalanx
- Decreased breath sounds & expiratory wheeze
- Accessory muscle use
-cor pulmonale
What is a pulmonary embolism? correct answers - clot dislodged from peripheral venous
system into lungs
- venous/perfusion mismatch (air/blood)
- either blood or oxygen can enter lungs but not both:(
Pulmonary Embolism Treatment correct answers - Anticoagulation therapy is initiated;
heparin is the anticoagulant of choice. Low-molecular-weight heparin or
warfarin is continued after the acute phase.
- compression stockings
- not crossing legs
Pulmonary embolism signs and symptoms correct answers - sudden CP
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS; GRADED A+
arterial blood gases (ABGs) correct answers a test performed on arterial blood to determine
levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present
alkalosis treatment correct answers want to increase the acid!
- sodium chloride (mild) or ammonium chloride (severe)
Alkalosis and potassium correct answers alkalosis leads to hypokalemia
- treat with KCL (potassium chloride)
Alkalosis Signs and Symptoms correct answers - increased excitability of CNS
- light headedness
- numbness/tingling
- confusion
-inability to concentrate
-blurred vision
-decrease electrolytes
-hypokalemia
acidosis treatment correct answers sodium bicarbonate to increase the base!
acidosis and potassium correct answers acidosis leads to hyperkalemia
- want to treat with polystyrene sulphate AKA kayexalate
acidosis signs and symptoms correct answers decreased excitability of CNS:
- restlessness
- headache
- drowsiness
- disorientation
- coma
cardiovascular:
- dysrhythmias
- decreased cardiac contractility
- hypotension
Causes of respiratory acidosis correct answers - sleep apnea
- opioids and drugs
- alcohol
- COPD
- pneumonia
- head trauma
- post surgical
Causes of respiratory alkalosis correct answers - hyperventilation due to panic attacks
- pneumonia
- PE
, Causes of metabolic acidosis correct answers Think ASS (anything GI)
- Starvation, dehydration, diarrhea, shock, renal failure, and diabetic ketoacidosis.
Causes of metabolic alkalosis correct answers Think "ALK ALK" (vomiting)
- loss of GI secretions
- NG suction
- vomiting
- bleeding
Fully compensated correct answers pH normal
PaCO2 & HCO3 abnormal
Partially compensated correct answers All 3 values will be abnormal.
Uncompensated correct answers pH and one other value is abnormal
What is COPD? correct answers - disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not
fully reversible
- small airways in the lungs are damaged, making it hard to air to get in or out!
3 teaching points with COPD correct answers 1: prevention
- stop smoking
2: manage
- bronchodilators (albuterol)
- corticosteroids (prednisone)
- oxygen therapy
3: action plan
- pursed lip breathing
- huff coughing
- stop smoking
COPD S/S correct answers - barrel chest
- Sit in a tripod position (leaning forward with arms braced on knees or chair)
- Clubbing of distal phalanx
- Decreased breath sounds & expiratory wheeze
- Accessory muscle use
-cor pulmonale
What is a pulmonary embolism? correct answers - clot dislodged from peripheral venous
system into lungs
- venous/perfusion mismatch (air/blood)
- either blood or oxygen can enter lungs but not both:(
Pulmonary Embolism Treatment correct answers - Anticoagulation therapy is initiated;
heparin is the anticoagulant of choice. Low-molecular-weight heparin or
warfarin is continued after the acute phase.
- compression stockings
- not crossing legs
Pulmonary embolism signs and symptoms correct answers - sudden CP
