AP BIO CHAPTER 6 ENZYMES &
ENERGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Induced Fit - ANSWER-brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that
cause the active site to fit more snugly around the substrate to enhance the ability to
catalyze the chemical reaction
Cofactors - ANSWER-nonprotein helpers for catalytic activity, may be bound tightly
to the enzyme as permanent residents, or they may bind loosely & reversibly along
with the substrate
Coenzyme - ANSWER-a cofactor that is an organic molecule
o vitamins
Metabolism - ANSWER-the sum of all of the cell's chemical reactions
Metabolic Pathways - ANSWER-sequences in which a starting reactant molecule is
converted, with the help of an enzyme, into a slightly different molecule, which is
modified by another enzyme into a different molecule and so on, a specific molecule
is altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a product
o Photosynthesis
o Glycolysis
o Cells regulate their metabolic pathways by controlling the type, quantity & activity
levels of the enzymes they produce
Competitive Inhibition - ANSWER-a substance that is not the enzyme's normal
substrate can also bind to the active site of the enzyme
o A competitor inhibitor molecule usually has structural similarities to the usual
substrate
Citrate
Drugs
Noncompetitive Inhibition - ANSWER-a molecule binds to a site on the enzyme that
is distinct from the active site
Allosteric Regulation - ANSWER-can either activate or inhibit the enzyme
Allosteric means "other shape"
Allosteric Enzymes - ANSWER-enzymes that participate in metabolic pathways,
enzymes that can switch easily & spontaneously between 2 different configurations
• ADP activates allosteric enzymes under certain conditions
Cooperativity - ANSWER-another kind of allosteric regulation where a substrate
molecule binding to 1 active site in a multisubunit enzyme triggers a shape change in
all the subunits, increasing catalytic activity at the other active sites
ENERGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Induced Fit - ANSWER-brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that
cause the active site to fit more snugly around the substrate to enhance the ability to
catalyze the chemical reaction
Cofactors - ANSWER-nonprotein helpers for catalytic activity, may be bound tightly
to the enzyme as permanent residents, or they may bind loosely & reversibly along
with the substrate
Coenzyme - ANSWER-a cofactor that is an organic molecule
o vitamins
Metabolism - ANSWER-the sum of all of the cell's chemical reactions
Metabolic Pathways - ANSWER-sequences in which a starting reactant molecule is
converted, with the help of an enzyme, into a slightly different molecule, which is
modified by another enzyme into a different molecule and so on, a specific molecule
is altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a product
o Photosynthesis
o Glycolysis
o Cells regulate their metabolic pathways by controlling the type, quantity & activity
levels of the enzymes they produce
Competitive Inhibition - ANSWER-a substance that is not the enzyme's normal
substrate can also bind to the active site of the enzyme
o A competitor inhibitor molecule usually has structural similarities to the usual
substrate
Citrate
Drugs
Noncompetitive Inhibition - ANSWER-a molecule binds to a site on the enzyme that
is distinct from the active site
Allosteric Regulation - ANSWER-can either activate or inhibit the enzyme
Allosteric means "other shape"
Allosteric Enzymes - ANSWER-enzymes that participate in metabolic pathways,
enzymes that can switch easily & spontaneously between 2 different configurations
• ADP activates allosteric enzymes under certain conditions
Cooperativity - ANSWER-another kind of allosteric regulation where a substrate
molecule binding to 1 active site in a multisubunit enzyme triggers a shape change in
all the subunits, increasing catalytic activity at the other active sites
