ABFM ITE FINAL EXAMINATION 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Which parasitic infection (in the USA) when left neglected has potential
consequences that include cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and fatal cardiac arrhythmias?
- ✔✔American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
✔✔A U.S. Preventive Services Task Force "D" recommendation indicates -
✔✔Moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit or that the harms
outweigh the benefits
✔✔According to DSM-5, what is the severity of anorexia nervosa based on? - ✔✔BMI
✔✔Which agent used to reduce PPH secondary to stony should be avoided in
asthmatics? - ✔✔Carboprost (as it causes bronchospasms)
✔✔What is a vector for Bartonella quintana, which causes trench fever, an influenza-
like syndrome with relapsing fever, especially seen in homeless people? - ✔✔Lice
✔✔Treatment of acute otitis media in children - ✔✔High dose Amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg
for 10 days, antibiotic therapy can be deferred in children two years or older with mild
symptoms and can be followed-up in 3 months.
✔✔Treatment of childhood constipation (usually functional) - ✔✔PEG preferred more
than Lactulose as less side effects and increased effectiveness
✔✔Prophylactic TB treatment - ✔✔Isoniazid for 9m
✔✔What does the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends for prevention of
falls in community-dwelling adults >/=65 years of age who are at increased risk for falls?
- ✔✔Exercise interventions
✔✔What are koplik spots pathogmonic for? What causes this? - ✔✔Measles
✔✔Anti-DM medication that increases risk of UTI as well as thrush (in women) -
✔✔SGLT2-inhibitors (Dapa, Empa)
- May be used as second line choice in those intolerant of Metformin
✔✔When titrating the dosage of opioids, the CDC recommends that you should also
consider prescribing naloxone when the opioid dosage reaches what morphine
milligram equivalent (MME) per day threshold? - ✔✔50
✔✔Investigation for spina bifida - ✔✔Ultrasound
,✔✔Goal for fasting blood glucose reading in GDM - ✔✔<95 mg/dL
✔✔What is the recommended first line agent to prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis? -
✔✔Bisphosphonates
✔✔Remission in alcohol use disorder - ✔✔Early (3-12m), Sustained (>12m)
✔✔Groups with highest prevalence of syphilis - ✔✔Men who have sex with men
✔✔Features of foetal alcohol syndrome - ✔✔In addition to clinodactyly (curved 5th
finger), it is also associated with camptodactyly (flexion deformity of the fingers), other
flexion contractures, radioulnar synostosis, scoliosis, and spinal malformations.
✔✔Avulsion tuberosity fracture of proximal 5th metatarsal - ✔✔Treatment of
nondisplaced tuberosity avulsion fractures is conservative. Options include elastic
wrapping, ankle splints and low-profile walking boots or casts. Weight bearing is allowed
as tolerated. Treatment should be continued until symptoms abate—usually within three
to six weeks.
✔✔Treatment of depression associated with erectile dysfunction - ✔✔Bupropion or
Mirtazapine
✔✔Treatment of menopausal symptoms - ✔✔Black cohosh
✔✔Diagnostic criteria for PCOS - ✔✔NEED 2 OF 3
- Oligo or anovulation
- Clinical/biochem signs of hyperandrogenism
- Sonographic evidence of polycytic ovary
✔✔Indication for carotid endarterectomy - ✔✔>70% stenosis of carotid vessels for
symptomatic patient
✔✔Ringed appearance of oesophagus - ✔✔Is indicative of eosinophilic oesophagitis to
treat with PPIs
✔✔Medication that increases risk of osteoporosis - ✔✔Ranitidine, Thiazolidinediones
(glitazones)
✔✔Greatest modifiable risk factor of AAA - ✔✔Cigarette smoking
✔✔Immunotherapy can prevent recurrence of severe allergic reactions triggered by -
✔✔Wasp (insect) stings
,✔✔Infant factor to look out for in potential breastfeeding issues - ✔✔Dimpled cheeks,
chin not pressed against breast, chalky stools
✔✔Which disorder of sexual development is associated with an increased risk of
endometrial cancer, coeliac disease, and structural heart defects? - ✔✔Turner's
syndrome
- Karyotyping
✔✔Treatment of life-threatening heat stroke - ✔✔Aggressive ice water immersion
✔✔Colonoscopy after 75 years old - ✔✔The decision to screen for colorectal cancer in
adults aged 76 to 85 years should be an individual one, taking into account the patient's
overall health and prior screening history. Adults in this age group who have never been
screened for colorectal cancer are more likely to benefit. Screening would be most
appropriate among adults who 1) are healthy enough to undergo treatment if colorectal
cancer is detected and 2) do not have comorbid conditions that would significantly limit
their life expectancy.
✔✔Peripheral blood film character in B12 deficiency - ✔✔Hypersegmented
polymorphonuclear WBCs
✔✔Biopsy proven coeliac disease monitoring after being on gluten-free diet - ✔✔IgA
Tissue Transglutaminase antibody
✔✔Hypokalaemia in DKA due to insulin causing K being pushed into cells -
✔✔Potassium replacement
✔✔Buprenorphine therapy should be initiated when patient is in mild to moderate
withdrawal from opioids - ✔✔Patents with opioids in their bloodstream or who are not in
the early stages of withdrawal, may experience acute withdrawal.
✔✔Pregnancy related dental disorders - ✔✔Cavities, gingivitis, loose teeth,
periodontitis, tooth erosion
✔✔What can help to delay definitive surgical therapy in carpal tunnel syndrome? -
✔✔Corticosteroid injections
✔✔What to do after a tick bite to prevent Lyme disease? - ✔✔Doxycycline 200mg once
or Amoxicillin
- This is only recommended for tick attachment longer than 36 hours, or of unknown
duration.
, ✔✔At what grade level should health care materials be written? - ✔✔
✔✔At what age should a child's Hb be checked as recommended by the AAP? - ✔✔12
months
✔✔Antibiotic that increases risk of AAA rupture - ✔✔Fluoroquinolones (floxacins)
✔✔An otherwise healthy 55-year-old male who is visiting from Arizona presents to your
office with a 4-week history of intermittent fevers, night sweats, dry cough, weight loss,
and myalgia. The patient has no other recent history of travel. - ✔✔Valley Fever
(medical name coccidioidomycosis or "cocci" for short) is an infection in the lungs
caused by the fungus coccidioides spp., which grows in soils in areas of low rainfall,
high summer temperatures and moderate winter temperatures, such as: throughout
Arizona, the San Joaquin and Central Valleys of California, southern parts of Nevada,
New Mexico and western Texas, east-central Utah, south-eastern Washington, and the
semiarid and arid soils of Central and South America.
✔✔First-line pharmacotherapy for diabetic gastroparesis - ✔✔Metoclopramide,
Erythromycin
✔✔Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT) in STDs - ✔✔Treating the sex partners of patients
diagnosed with chlamydia or gonorrhea by providing prescriptions or medications to the
patient to take to his/her partner without the health care provider first examining the
partner.
✔✔Antibiotic time-out - ✔✔Occurs 48-72h after first administration, part of antibiotic
stewardship programme to ensure judicious use.
✔✔Prehn's sign - ✔✔Physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but
not pain caused by testicular torsion.
✔✔Treatment of epididymitis - ✔✔Bed rest, antibiotics (Levofloxacin), scrotal support,
and ice compresses.
✔✔A healthy 2-month-old female is brought to your office for a routine well baby
examination by both of her parents, who have no concerns. The parents refuse routine
recommended vaccines for their daughter because of their personal beliefs. You want to
incorporate patient-centeredness and are also concerned about improving the health of
the population. You decide to follow the CDC recommendations by? - ✔✔Having the
parents sign a refusal to vaccinate form.
✔✔Prepatellar bursitis is a common superficial bursitis caused by microtrauma from
repeated kneeling and crawling. Other terms for this include housemaid's knee, coal
miner's knee, and carpet layer's knee. It is usually associated with minimal to no pain. -
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Which parasitic infection (in the USA) when left neglected has potential
consequences that include cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and fatal cardiac arrhythmias?
- ✔✔American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
✔✔A U.S. Preventive Services Task Force "D" recommendation indicates -
✔✔Moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit or that the harms
outweigh the benefits
✔✔According to DSM-5, what is the severity of anorexia nervosa based on? - ✔✔BMI
✔✔Which agent used to reduce PPH secondary to stony should be avoided in
asthmatics? - ✔✔Carboprost (as it causes bronchospasms)
✔✔What is a vector for Bartonella quintana, which causes trench fever, an influenza-
like syndrome with relapsing fever, especially seen in homeless people? - ✔✔Lice
✔✔Treatment of acute otitis media in children - ✔✔High dose Amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg
for 10 days, antibiotic therapy can be deferred in children two years or older with mild
symptoms and can be followed-up in 3 months.
✔✔Treatment of childhood constipation (usually functional) - ✔✔PEG preferred more
than Lactulose as less side effects and increased effectiveness
✔✔Prophylactic TB treatment - ✔✔Isoniazid for 9m
✔✔What does the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends for prevention of
falls in community-dwelling adults >/=65 years of age who are at increased risk for falls?
- ✔✔Exercise interventions
✔✔What are koplik spots pathogmonic for? What causes this? - ✔✔Measles
✔✔Anti-DM medication that increases risk of UTI as well as thrush (in women) -
✔✔SGLT2-inhibitors (Dapa, Empa)
- May be used as second line choice in those intolerant of Metformin
✔✔When titrating the dosage of opioids, the CDC recommends that you should also
consider prescribing naloxone when the opioid dosage reaches what morphine
milligram equivalent (MME) per day threshold? - ✔✔50
✔✔Investigation for spina bifida - ✔✔Ultrasound
,✔✔Goal for fasting blood glucose reading in GDM - ✔✔<95 mg/dL
✔✔What is the recommended first line agent to prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis? -
✔✔Bisphosphonates
✔✔Remission in alcohol use disorder - ✔✔Early (3-12m), Sustained (>12m)
✔✔Groups with highest prevalence of syphilis - ✔✔Men who have sex with men
✔✔Features of foetal alcohol syndrome - ✔✔In addition to clinodactyly (curved 5th
finger), it is also associated with camptodactyly (flexion deformity of the fingers), other
flexion contractures, radioulnar synostosis, scoliosis, and spinal malformations.
✔✔Avulsion tuberosity fracture of proximal 5th metatarsal - ✔✔Treatment of
nondisplaced tuberosity avulsion fractures is conservative. Options include elastic
wrapping, ankle splints and low-profile walking boots or casts. Weight bearing is allowed
as tolerated. Treatment should be continued until symptoms abate—usually within three
to six weeks.
✔✔Treatment of depression associated with erectile dysfunction - ✔✔Bupropion or
Mirtazapine
✔✔Treatment of menopausal symptoms - ✔✔Black cohosh
✔✔Diagnostic criteria for PCOS - ✔✔NEED 2 OF 3
- Oligo or anovulation
- Clinical/biochem signs of hyperandrogenism
- Sonographic evidence of polycytic ovary
✔✔Indication for carotid endarterectomy - ✔✔>70% stenosis of carotid vessels for
symptomatic patient
✔✔Ringed appearance of oesophagus - ✔✔Is indicative of eosinophilic oesophagitis to
treat with PPIs
✔✔Medication that increases risk of osteoporosis - ✔✔Ranitidine, Thiazolidinediones
(glitazones)
✔✔Greatest modifiable risk factor of AAA - ✔✔Cigarette smoking
✔✔Immunotherapy can prevent recurrence of severe allergic reactions triggered by -
✔✔Wasp (insect) stings
,✔✔Infant factor to look out for in potential breastfeeding issues - ✔✔Dimpled cheeks,
chin not pressed against breast, chalky stools
✔✔Which disorder of sexual development is associated with an increased risk of
endometrial cancer, coeliac disease, and structural heart defects? - ✔✔Turner's
syndrome
- Karyotyping
✔✔Treatment of life-threatening heat stroke - ✔✔Aggressive ice water immersion
✔✔Colonoscopy after 75 years old - ✔✔The decision to screen for colorectal cancer in
adults aged 76 to 85 years should be an individual one, taking into account the patient's
overall health and prior screening history. Adults in this age group who have never been
screened for colorectal cancer are more likely to benefit. Screening would be most
appropriate among adults who 1) are healthy enough to undergo treatment if colorectal
cancer is detected and 2) do not have comorbid conditions that would significantly limit
their life expectancy.
✔✔Peripheral blood film character in B12 deficiency - ✔✔Hypersegmented
polymorphonuclear WBCs
✔✔Biopsy proven coeliac disease monitoring after being on gluten-free diet - ✔✔IgA
Tissue Transglutaminase antibody
✔✔Hypokalaemia in DKA due to insulin causing K being pushed into cells -
✔✔Potassium replacement
✔✔Buprenorphine therapy should be initiated when patient is in mild to moderate
withdrawal from opioids - ✔✔Patents with opioids in their bloodstream or who are not in
the early stages of withdrawal, may experience acute withdrawal.
✔✔Pregnancy related dental disorders - ✔✔Cavities, gingivitis, loose teeth,
periodontitis, tooth erosion
✔✔What can help to delay definitive surgical therapy in carpal tunnel syndrome? -
✔✔Corticosteroid injections
✔✔What to do after a tick bite to prevent Lyme disease? - ✔✔Doxycycline 200mg once
or Amoxicillin
- This is only recommended for tick attachment longer than 36 hours, or of unknown
duration.
, ✔✔At what grade level should health care materials be written? - ✔✔
✔✔At what age should a child's Hb be checked as recommended by the AAP? - ✔✔12
months
✔✔Antibiotic that increases risk of AAA rupture - ✔✔Fluoroquinolones (floxacins)
✔✔An otherwise healthy 55-year-old male who is visiting from Arizona presents to your
office with a 4-week history of intermittent fevers, night sweats, dry cough, weight loss,
and myalgia. The patient has no other recent history of travel. - ✔✔Valley Fever
(medical name coccidioidomycosis or "cocci" for short) is an infection in the lungs
caused by the fungus coccidioides spp., which grows in soils in areas of low rainfall,
high summer temperatures and moderate winter temperatures, such as: throughout
Arizona, the San Joaquin and Central Valleys of California, southern parts of Nevada,
New Mexico and western Texas, east-central Utah, south-eastern Washington, and the
semiarid and arid soils of Central and South America.
✔✔First-line pharmacotherapy for diabetic gastroparesis - ✔✔Metoclopramide,
Erythromycin
✔✔Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT) in STDs - ✔✔Treating the sex partners of patients
diagnosed with chlamydia or gonorrhea by providing prescriptions or medications to the
patient to take to his/her partner without the health care provider first examining the
partner.
✔✔Antibiotic time-out - ✔✔Occurs 48-72h after first administration, part of antibiotic
stewardship programme to ensure judicious use.
✔✔Prehn's sign - ✔✔Physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but
not pain caused by testicular torsion.
✔✔Treatment of epididymitis - ✔✔Bed rest, antibiotics (Levofloxacin), scrotal support,
and ice compresses.
✔✔A healthy 2-month-old female is brought to your office for a routine well baby
examination by both of her parents, who have no concerns. The parents refuse routine
recommended vaccines for their daughter because of their personal beliefs. You want to
incorporate patient-centeredness and are also concerned about improving the health of
the population. You decide to follow the CDC recommendations by? - ✔✔Having the
parents sign a refusal to vaccinate form.
✔✔Prepatellar bursitis is a common superficial bursitis caused by microtrauma from
repeated kneeling and crawling. Other terms for this include housemaid's knee, coal
miner's knee, and carpet layer's knee. It is usually associated with minimal to no pain. -
