Rasmussen Pathophysiology - Final
Exam
On an electrocardiogram (EKG), the P wave represents which of the
following?
A) Atrial depolarization
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) Atrial repolarization
D) Ventricular repolarization correct answersA) Atrial depolarization
Select all that apply. Which lab values are incorrect?
A. Na+ 135-145
B. K+ 2.3-2.9
C. Mg 1.8-2.4
D. Calcium 2-3 correct answersB. K+ 2.3-2.9
D. Calcium 2-3
What electrolyte, if too high or low, can cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Mg
B. Na+
C. K+
D. Ca correct answersC. K+
A patient has ABGS as follows: pH 7.28, PaC02 59, HC03 24, PaO2 85. This
would be diagnosed as
A. Respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia
B. Respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia
C. Metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis with hypoxemia correct answersA. Respiratory
acidosis with hypoxemia
This type of cell is found in all the tissues of the body, and as part of the
inflammatory response, releases histamine, prostaglandins and
leukotrienes.
A. Leukocyte
B. Mast cell
C. CD4 helper cell
D. Macrophage correct answersB. Mast cell
An increase in the size of cells in an organ is known as
A. Neoplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Apoptosis correct answersB. Hyperplasia
,The organelle in the cell that is responsible for producing ATP (Adenosine
triphosphate) is the
A. Golgi body
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria correct answersD. Mitochondria
Homeostasis is defined as:
E. A state of equilibrium in an organism
F. A blood clotting mechanism
G. Part of the inflammatory process
H. Cellular adaptation correct answersA. A state of equilibrium in an
organism
A benign tumor usually metastasizes.
I. True
J. False correct answersB. False
A malignant growth tends to produce (SAA)
K. Anaplastic cells
L. Metastatic tumors
M. Undifferentiated cells
N.Cells that invade the basement membrane of an organ correct
answersAll of the above
The ion imbalance that is responsible for raising or lowering the pH is:
O. Potassium
P. Hydrogen
Q. Calcium
R. Magnesium correct answersB. Hydrogen
This cell engulfs bacteria and destroys them:
S. Phagocyte
T. Neutrophil
U. Granulocyte
V. Eosinophil correct answersA. Phagocyte
This type of WBC is usually elevated with nasal allergies
W.Basophil
X. Mast cells
Y. Macrophage
Z. Neutrophil correct answersA. Basophil
The patient's WBC count is 18. This would indicate:
AA.Anemia
AB.Allergic reaction
,C. Infection
D. Anemia correct answersC. Infection
The first stage of the GAS syndrome results in (Select all that apply)
A. Epinephrine release
B. Constriction of pupils
C. Increased blood pressure
D. Bradycardia
E. Tachycardia correct answersA. Epinephrine release
C. Increased blood pressure
E. Tachycardia
An example of artificially acquired active immunity would be
A. An influenza vaccination
B. A tetanus antitoxin after stepping on rusty metal
C. Taking an antibiotic for an infection
D. An IV infusion of IgG correct answersA. An influenza vaccination
A low count of this type of cell may indicate that HIV has progressed to AIDS.
A. T cells
B. CD4 helper cells
C. B cells
D. Complement complexes correct answersB. CD4 helper cells
B cells mature in the , T cells mature in the .
A. Hypothalamus, thymus
B. Thymus, Endocrine glands
C. Bone marrow, thymus
D. Cardiovascular system, respiratory system correct answersC. Bone
marrow, thymus
This makes the body's temperature elevate in response to macrophages that
have been exposed to bacteria.
A. Leukocytes
B. Pyrogens
C. Interferons
D. Inflammatory response. correct answersB. Pyrogens
The first WBC to arrive after injury
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Macrophages
D. Monocytes correct answersA. Neutrophils
A patient has a serum creatinine level of 2.5 mg/dL, a serum potassium
level of 6 mmol/L, an arterial pH of 7.32, and a urine output of 250 mL/day.
Which phase of acute renal failure is the patient experiencing?
, A) Intrarenal
B) Postrenal
C) Oliguric
D) Recovery correct answersC) Oliguric
The nurse monitors for which of the following definitive clinical
manifestations in a patient with renal impairment associated with
polycystic kidney disease?
E) Flank pain
F) Periorbital edema
G) Low serum creatinine level
H) Palpable kidneys correct answersD) Palpable kidneys
The nurse questions a female patient about perineal cleansing. Which
statement by the patient indicates proper technique?
I) "I douche monthly."
J) "I use an alcohol-based product."
K) "I wipe from back to front."
L) "I wipe from front to back." correct answersD) "I wipe from front to back."
The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a patient after a
nephrectomy for renal carcinoma. Which statement by the patient indicates
that teaching has been effective?
M)"Because renal carcinoma usually affects both kidneys, I'll need to
be watched closely."
N) "I'll need to decrease my fluid intake to prevent stress to my
remaining kidney."
O) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal
function."
P)"I'll eventually require some type of renal replacement therapy."
correct answersC) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal
renal function."
The nurse correlates the decreased glomerular filtration rate in the client
with acute glomerulonephritis to which pathophysiologic process?
Q) Decreased renal-induced constriction of the renal arteries
R)Thickened capillary membranes secondary to immune complex
deposition and cellular proliferation
S)Necrosis of 70% or more of the nephrons secondary to increased
kidney interstitial hydrostatic pressure
T)Scar tissue formation throughout the proximal convoluted tubule
secondary to toxin- induced collagen synthesis correct answersB) Thickened
capillary membranes
secondary to immune complex deposition and cellular proliferation
The RN has just received change-of-shift report. Which of the assigned
patients should be assessed first?
U) A patient with renal insufficiency who is scheduled to have a dialysis
fistula inserted
V) A patient with azotemia whose blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are
increasing
W)A patient receiving peritoneal dialysis who needs help changing the
dialysate bag
Exam
On an electrocardiogram (EKG), the P wave represents which of the
following?
A) Atrial depolarization
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) Atrial repolarization
D) Ventricular repolarization correct answersA) Atrial depolarization
Select all that apply. Which lab values are incorrect?
A. Na+ 135-145
B. K+ 2.3-2.9
C. Mg 1.8-2.4
D. Calcium 2-3 correct answersB. K+ 2.3-2.9
D. Calcium 2-3
What electrolyte, if too high or low, can cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Mg
B. Na+
C. K+
D. Ca correct answersC. K+
A patient has ABGS as follows: pH 7.28, PaC02 59, HC03 24, PaO2 85. This
would be diagnosed as
A. Respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia
B. Respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia
C. Metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis with hypoxemia correct answersA. Respiratory
acidosis with hypoxemia
This type of cell is found in all the tissues of the body, and as part of the
inflammatory response, releases histamine, prostaglandins and
leukotrienes.
A. Leukocyte
B. Mast cell
C. CD4 helper cell
D. Macrophage correct answersB. Mast cell
An increase in the size of cells in an organ is known as
A. Neoplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Apoptosis correct answersB. Hyperplasia
,The organelle in the cell that is responsible for producing ATP (Adenosine
triphosphate) is the
A. Golgi body
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria correct answersD. Mitochondria
Homeostasis is defined as:
E. A state of equilibrium in an organism
F. A blood clotting mechanism
G. Part of the inflammatory process
H. Cellular adaptation correct answersA. A state of equilibrium in an
organism
A benign tumor usually metastasizes.
I. True
J. False correct answersB. False
A malignant growth tends to produce (SAA)
K. Anaplastic cells
L. Metastatic tumors
M. Undifferentiated cells
N.Cells that invade the basement membrane of an organ correct
answersAll of the above
The ion imbalance that is responsible for raising or lowering the pH is:
O. Potassium
P. Hydrogen
Q. Calcium
R. Magnesium correct answersB. Hydrogen
This cell engulfs bacteria and destroys them:
S. Phagocyte
T. Neutrophil
U. Granulocyte
V. Eosinophil correct answersA. Phagocyte
This type of WBC is usually elevated with nasal allergies
W.Basophil
X. Mast cells
Y. Macrophage
Z. Neutrophil correct answersA. Basophil
The patient's WBC count is 18. This would indicate:
AA.Anemia
AB.Allergic reaction
,C. Infection
D. Anemia correct answersC. Infection
The first stage of the GAS syndrome results in (Select all that apply)
A. Epinephrine release
B. Constriction of pupils
C. Increased blood pressure
D. Bradycardia
E. Tachycardia correct answersA. Epinephrine release
C. Increased blood pressure
E. Tachycardia
An example of artificially acquired active immunity would be
A. An influenza vaccination
B. A tetanus antitoxin after stepping on rusty metal
C. Taking an antibiotic for an infection
D. An IV infusion of IgG correct answersA. An influenza vaccination
A low count of this type of cell may indicate that HIV has progressed to AIDS.
A. T cells
B. CD4 helper cells
C. B cells
D. Complement complexes correct answersB. CD4 helper cells
B cells mature in the , T cells mature in the .
A. Hypothalamus, thymus
B. Thymus, Endocrine glands
C. Bone marrow, thymus
D. Cardiovascular system, respiratory system correct answersC. Bone
marrow, thymus
This makes the body's temperature elevate in response to macrophages that
have been exposed to bacteria.
A. Leukocytes
B. Pyrogens
C. Interferons
D. Inflammatory response. correct answersB. Pyrogens
The first WBC to arrive after injury
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Macrophages
D. Monocytes correct answersA. Neutrophils
A patient has a serum creatinine level of 2.5 mg/dL, a serum potassium
level of 6 mmol/L, an arterial pH of 7.32, and a urine output of 250 mL/day.
Which phase of acute renal failure is the patient experiencing?
, A) Intrarenal
B) Postrenal
C) Oliguric
D) Recovery correct answersC) Oliguric
The nurse monitors for which of the following definitive clinical
manifestations in a patient with renal impairment associated with
polycystic kidney disease?
E) Flank pain
F) Periorbital edema
G) Low serum creatinine level
H) Palpable kidneys correct answersD) Palpable kidneys
The nurse questions a female patient about perineal cleansing. Which
statement by the patient indicates proper technique?
I) "I douche monthly."
J) "I use an alcohol-based product."
K) "I wipe from back to front."
L) "I wipe from front to back." correct answersD) "I wipe from front to back."
The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a patient after a
nephrectomy for renal carcinoma. Which statement by the patient indicates
that teaching has been effective?
M)"Because renal carcinoma usually affects both kidneys, I'll need to
be watched closely."
N) "I'll need to decrease my fluid intake to prevent stress to my
remaining kidney."
O) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal
function."
P)"I'll eventually require some type of renal replacement therapy."
correct answersC) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal
renal function."
The nurse correlates the decreased glomerular filtration rate in the client
with acute glomerulonephritis to which pathophysiologic process?
Q) Decreased renal-induced constriction of the renal arteries
R)Thickened capillary membranes secondary to immune complex
deposition and cellular proliferation
S)Necrosis of 70% or more of the nephrons secondary to increased
kidney interstitial hydrostatic pressure
T)Scar tissue formation throughout the proximal convoluted tubule
secondary to toxin- induced collagen synthesis correct answersB) Thickened
capillary membranes
secondary to immune complex deposition and cellular proliferation
The RN has just received change-of-shift report. Which of the assigned
patients should be assessed first?
U) A patient with renal insufficiency who is scheduled to have a dialysis
fistula inserted
V) A patient with azotemia whose blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are
increasing
W)A patient receiving peritoneal dialysis who needs help changing the
dialysate bag
