LANDSCAPE HORTICULTURE FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What season to prune: Winter - Answer--Not Busy
-No Leaves (Easy cleanup)
-No Sealing, but less active
-One of the best times to prune
Rejuvenation Life Cycle - Answer-1) Juvenile
2) Maturity
3) Senescence
At what stage does flowing occur? - Answer-Mature Stage
Practice that can reignite plant growth. - Answer--Cutting the plant back to juvenile
size
-Cutting all the way to the ground
How much of a tree should you cut back? - Answer-Remove 1/3 - 1/4 of canes
-Remove dark limbs at the ground
-Encourages vigor in younger limbs
Types of Cutting - Answer--Heading
-Thinning
Heading - Answer--Localized Response
-Cut to bud or stud
-Shaping and less careful
Thinning - Answer--Whole plant response
-Cut to origin or lower lateral branch
-Directed Cutting
-Naturalistic Landscapes
Where to cut? - Answer--Flush Cut
-Target Cut
Flush Cut - Answer-Cutting into the tissue that seals the plant
Target Cut - Answer--Cut outside of the tissue
-Bark Ridge Determines target cut
-Usually outside of branch bark collar
-Doesn't carve into the tree
Target Cut: 1-2-3 Cut - Answer-1 - Undercut 1/4 Diameter of branch 1' from final cut
2 - 1" outside cut #1, from the top of branch, cut completely
3 - cut through above the collar
, Pruning Paints - Answer--Does not limit decay
-Waste of Money
~Can help with cankers on fruit trees, but not anything else
Pruning Shrubs - Answer--Thinning
-Aesthetics
-Keep wider at the bottom than top
Pruning Vines - Answer--Directing and controlling plants
-Espalier
Pleaching - Answer--The intertwining of plants
-6 Flags arches
Pollarding - Answer--Accepting practices
-Cutting back trees routinely in the same location
~Usually every 1-7 years
-Cut to the same place every time
Topiary - Answer--Cut to a shape
-Animals or columns
Bonsai - Answer-The dwarfing of plants
Niwaki - Answer-Shaping larger trees in picturesque shapes
Thinning of Trees: Which branches to get rid of? - Answer--Small trees only
-Cut double leaders (Look up)
-Raise the crown (Look Down)
-Scaffold Branches (Look around)
-A-B-C-D-SSS
Double Leader
(Look Up) - Answer--2 Branches growing too close together
-Can bind together or one could fall off and split the tree
Raise the Crown
(Look Down) - Answer-Remove the crown
-2/3 Crown, 1/3 Stem
-Security, Aesthetic, and Safety
Scaffold Branches
(Look Around) - Answer--Major lower branches
-Proper Vertical and Radial Spacing
~Stronger Structure
~Better Photosynthesis Use
~Spiral Staircase
A-B-C-D-SSS - Answer-A - Alternate (90 degree is better)
B - Broken
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What season to prune: Winter - Answer--Not Busy
-No Leaves (Easy cleanup)
-No Sealing, but less active
-One of the best times to prune
Rejuvenation Life Cycle - Answer-1) Juvenile
2) Maturity
3) Senescence
At what stage does flowing occur? - Answer-Mature Stage
Practice that can reignite plant growth. - Answer--Cutting the plant back to juvenile
size
-Cutting all the way to the ground
How much of a tree should you cut back? - Answer-Remove 1/3 - 1/4 of canes
-Remove dark limbs at the ground
-Encourages vigor in younger limbs
Types of Cutting - Answer--Heading
-Thinning
Heading - Answer--Localized Response
-Cut to bud or stud
-Shaping and less careful
Thinning - Answer--Whole plant response
-Cut to origin or lower lateral branch
-Directed Cutting
-Naturalistic Landscapes
Where to cut? - Answer--Flush Cut
-Target Cut
Flush Cut - Answer-Cutting into the tissue that seals the plant
Target Cut - Answer--Cut outside of the tissue
-Bark Ridge Determines target cut
-Usually outside of branch bark collar
-Doesn't carve into the tree
Target Cut: 1-2-3 Cut - Answer-1 - Undercut 1/4 Diameter of branch 1' from final cut
2 - 1" outside cut #1, from the top of branch, cut completely
3 - cut through above the collar
, Pruning Paints - Answer--Does not limit decay
-Waste of Money
~Can help with cankers on fruit trees, but not anything else
Pruning Shrubs - Answer--Thinning
-Aesthetics
-Keep wider at the bottom than top
Pruning Vines - Answer--Directing and controlling plants
-Espalier
Pleaching - Answer--The intertwining of plants
-6 Flags arches
Pollarding - Answer--Accepting practices
-Cutting back trees routinely in the same location
~Usually every 1-7 years
-Cut to the same place every time
Topiary - Answer--Cut to a shape
-Animals or columns
Bonsai - Answer-The dwarfing of plants
Niwaki - Answer-Shaping larger trees in picturesque shapes
Thinning of Trees: Which branches to get rid of? - Answer--Small trees only
-Cut double leaders (Look up)
-Raise the crown (Look Down)
-Scaffold Branches (Look around)
-A-B-C-D-SSS
Double Leader
(Look Up) - Answer--2 Branches growing too close together
-Can bind together or one could fall off and split the tree
Raise the Crown
(Look Down) - Answer-Remove the crown
-2/3 Crown, 1/3 Stem
-Security, Aesthetic, and Safety
Scaffold Branches
(Look Around) - Answer--Major lower branches
-Proper Vertical and Radial Spacing
~Stronger Structure
~Better Photosynthesis Use
~Spiral Staircase
A-B-C-D-SSS - Answer-A - Alternate (90 degree is better)
B - Broken
