Pharm Exam 3 Questions and Answers
Graded A+
What is the only form of admin for statins? - Ans ✅-PO
What is the "bad cholesterol"? - Ans ✅-LDL
Normal total cholesterol level - Ans ✅-less than 200 mg/dL
Normal LDL level - Ans ✅-less than 100
Normal HDL level - Ans ✅-less than 40
Normal triglyceride level - Ans ✅-Less than 150
Make sure the patient has done this before drawing blood for lipid panel - Ans ✅-
Fasted for 6 - 8 hours
What fat do we want to decrease in diet? - Ans ✅-Saturated fats
What does atorvastatin do to cholesterol? - Ans ✅-Lowers LDL
Raises HDL
Cholesterol is manufactured in the liver by what enzyme? - Ans ✅-HMG-CoA
Reductase
Mechanism of action for atorvastatin - Ans ✅-inhibits the enzyme: HMG-CoA
reductase
Way of administration for statins - Ans ✅-PO only
S/E of statins - Ans ✅-headache, joint pain, and heartburn
Adverse effects of statins - Ans ✅-Myopathy and rhabdo
What medication increases the myopathy risk with statins? - Ans ✅-Macrolide
antibiotics, the -mycins
T/F Statins are pregnancy safe. - Ans ✅-False -- they are TERATOGENIC
When to take statins and why? - Ans ✅-Before bed because it has a short half life and
cholesterol biosynthesis is higher at night
, Combining what medications with statins can boost the benefit & flush the system out
together? - Ans ✅-Bile acid sequestrants or niacin
Bile Acid Sequestrants prototype - Ans ✅-Cholestyramine
Cholestyramine mechanism of action - Ans ✅-binds to bile acids that contain high
levels of cholesterol then the liver makes more LDL receptors
How is cholestyramine eliminated? - Ans ✅-In the feces, it is too large to be absorbed
in the small intestine
What kind of side effects occur with cholestyramine? - Ans ✅-GI -- bloating,
constipation, obstruction
T/F Cholestyramine can take 30 days or longer to work. - Ans ✅-True
Why is cholestyramine not used as much? - Ans ✅-More adverse effects because they
are not absorbed systemically
T/F Cholestyramine can bind to other drugs such as digoxin and warfarin. - Ans ✅-
True
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor prototype - Ans ✅-Ezetimibe
Ezetimibe mechanism of action - Ans ✅-blocks absorption of cholesterol in small
intestine
Why do we administer a statin with Ezetimibe? - Ans ✅-Body produces more
cholesterol due to a decreased serum level from Ezetimibe
Adverse effects of Ezetimibe that require discontinuation - Ans ✅-nasopharyngitis,
myalgia, diarrhea
Is Ezetimibe pregnancy safe? - Ans ✅-No it is teratogenic
Niacin mechanism of action - Ans ✅-lowers triglycerides and increases HDL levels
T/F Niacin takes more than 30 days to work. - Ans ✅-True
T/F Niacins are more effective than statins. - Ans ✅-False-- they are less effective.
Adverse effects of niacin - Ans ✅-Flushing, hot flashes, hepatotoxic, gout flare ups
Graded A+
What is the only form of admin for statins? - Ans ✅-PO
What is the "bad cholesterol"? - Ans ✅-LDL
Normal total cholesterol level - Ans ✅-less than 200 mg/dL
Normal LDL level - Ans ✅-less than 100
Normal HDL level - Ans ✅-less than 40
Normal triglyceride level - Ans ✅-Less than 150
Make sure the patient has done this before drawing blood for lipid panel - Ans ✅-
Fasted for 6 - 8 hours
What fat do we want to decrease in diet? - Ans ✅-Saturated fats
What does atorvastatin do to cholesterol? - Ans ✅-Lowers LDL
Raises HDL
Cholesterol is manufactured in the liver by what enzyme? - Ans ✅-HMG-CoA
Reductase
Mechanism of action for atorvastatin - Ans ✅-inhibits the enzyme: HMG-CoA
reductase
Way of administration for statins - Ans ✅-PO only
S/E of statins - Ans ✅-headache, joint pain, and heartburn
Adverse effects of statins - Ans ✅-Myopathy and rhabdo
What medication increases the myopathy risk with statins? - Ans ✅-Macrolide
antibiotics, the -mycins
T/F Statins are pregnancy safe. - Ans ✅-False -- they are TERATOGENIC
When to take statins and why? - Ans ✅-Before bed because it has a short half life and
cholesterol biosynthesis is higher at night
, Combining what medications with statins can boost the benefit & flush the system out
together? - Ans ✅-Bile acid sequestrants or niacin
Bile Acid Sequestrants prototype - Ans ✅-Cholestyramine
Cholestyramine mechanism of action - Ans ✅-binds to bile acids that contain high
levels of cholesterol then the liver makes more LDL receptors
How is cholestyramine eliminated? - Ans ✅-In the feces, it is too large to be absorbed
in the small intestine
What kind of side effects occur with cholestyramine? - Ans ✅-GI -- bloating,
constipation, obstruction
T/F Cholestyramine can take 30 days or longer to work. - Ans ✅-True
Why is cholestyramine not used as much? - Ans ✅-More adverse effects because they
are not absorbed systemically
T/F Cholestyramine can bind to other drugs such as digoxin and warfarin. - Ans ✅-
True
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor prototype - Ans ✅-Ezetimibe
Ezetimibe mechanism of action - Ans ✅-blocks absorption of cholesterol in small
intestine
Why do we administer a statin with Ezetimibe? - Ans ✅-Body produces more
cholesterol due to a decreased serum level from Ezetimibe
Adverse effects of Ezetimibe that require discontinuation - Ans ✅-nasopharyngitis,
myalgia, diarrhea
Is Ezetimibe pregnancy safe? - Ans ✅-No it is teratogenic
Niacin mechanism of action - Ans ✅-lowers triglycerides and increases HDL levels
T/F Niacin takes more than 30 days to work. - Ans ✅-True
T/F Niacins are more effective than statins. - Ans ✅-False-- they are less effective.
Adverse effects of niacin - Ans ✅-Flushing, hot flashes, hepatotoxic, gout flare ups
