Medical Surgical
[GRAB YOUR Nursing
READER’S ATTENTION 1
WITH A GREAT
lesson 3 FROM
QUOTE Exam Questions
THE DOCUMENT OR USE THIS and
Answers 2025
active transport - Ans -requires cellular energy, which can move molecules into cells
regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell. may move
substances from area of lower concentration to area of higher concentration.
aldosterone - Ans -regulates reabsorption of water and sodium ions from kidney
tubules.
alkalosis - Ans -excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the blood and body
fluids
anion gap - Ans -difference between primary measured cations and primary measured
anions.
anions - Ans -negatively charged ions
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Ans -released by posterior pituitary. controls how much
fluid leaves the body in the urine and causes reabsorption of water from kidney tubules.
ascites - Ans -abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - Ans -promote loss of water and sodium ions from
kidney tubules and causes vasodilation
Brain (B type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) - Ans -promote loss of water and sodium ions
from kidney tubules and causes vasodilation
carpopedal spasm - Ans -palmar flexion. indicated positive Trousseau sign in
hypocalcemia
cations - Ans -positively charged ions
dehydration - Ans -movement of water out of cells
diffusion - Ans -process by which substances move across the membrane until they are
distributed in the available space
edema - Ans -associated with the retention of water, sodium, and chloride and is
defined as an accumulation of freely moving interstitial fluid
, extracellular - Ans -fluid outside of the cell
filtration - Ans -movement of water and solutes through a semipermeable membrane as
a result of a pushing force on one side of the membrane
hydrostatic pressure - Ans -pressure exerted by fluid
hypercalcemia - Ans -occurs when serum level is above 10.5 mg/dL. can occur during
periods of lengthy immobilization, when calcium is mobilized from bone, when an
excess of calcium/vitamin D is taken into the body.
hyperchloremia - Ans -serum level above 103 mEq/L.
hyperkalemia - Ans -occurs when serum level is above 5.0 mEq/L. most common
reason is decreased excretion by kidneys due to renal insufficiency or drug effects.
hypermagnesemia - Ans -present when serum level is above 2.1 mEq/L. can occur in
presence of renal failure or from overuse of magnesium containing antacids and
cathartics.
hypernatremia - Ans -occurs when serum level is above 145 mEq/L. usually caused by
water loss from fever, respiratory infection, watery diarrhea, impaired thirst, or restricted
access to water.
hyperphosphatemia - Ans -level above 4.5 mg/dL. occurs in renal failure
hypertonic - Ans -solution that has a higher osmotic pressure than that of body fluids.
hyperventilation - Ans -too much CO2 is blown off
hypervolemia - Ans -excessive blood volume
hypocalcemia - Ans -occurs when serum level is below 9.0 mg/dL. results from
disorders in which there is a shift of calcium in the bone.
hypochloremia - Ans -serum level below 95 mEq/L. associated with hyponatremia. can
occur with severe vomiting and is seen as a compensatory decrease in acid base
disorders.
hypodermoclysis - Ans -injection of fluid into subcutaneous tissue via continuous
infusion
hypokalemia - Ans -when serum level drops below 3.5 mEq/L.
hypomagnesemia - Ans -when serum level drops below 1.3 mEq/L. usually present
when hypokalemia and hypocalcemia occur.
[GRAB YOUR Nursing
READER’S ATTENTION 1
WITH A GREAT
lesson 3 FROM
QUOTE Exam Questions
THE DOCUMENT OR USE THIS and
Answers 2025
active transport - Ans -requires cellular energy, which can move molecules into cells
regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell. may move
substances from area of lower concentration to area of higher concentration.
aldosterone - Ans -regulates reabsorption of water and sodium ions from kidney
tubules.
alkalosis - Ans -excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the blood and body
fluids
anion gap - Ans -difference between primary measured cations and primary measured
anions.
anions - Ans -negatively charged ions
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Ans -released by posterior pituitary. controls how much
fluid leaves the body in the urine and causes reabsorption of water from kidney tubules.
ascites - Ans -abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - Ans -promote loss of water and sodium ions from
kidney tubules and causes vasodilation
Brain (B type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) - Ans -promote loss of water and sodium ions
from kidney tubules and causes vasodilation
carpopedal spasm - Ans -palmar flexion. indicated positive Trousseau sign in
hypocalcemia
cations - Ans -positively charged ions
dehydration - Ans -movement of water out of cells
diffusion - Ans -process by which substances move across the membrane until they are
distributed in the available space
edema - Ans -associated with the retention of water, sodium, and chloride and is
defined as an accumulation of freely moving interstitial fluid
, extracellular - Ans -fluid outside of the cell
filtration - Ans -movement of water and solutes through a semipermeable membrane as
a result of a pushing force on one side of the membrane
hydrostatic pressure - Ans -pressure exerted by fluid
hypercalcemia - Ans -occurs when serum level is above 10.5 mg/dL. can occur during
periods of lengthy immobilization, when calcium is mobilized from bone, when an
excess of calcium/vitamin D is taken into the body.
hyperchloremia - Ans -serum level above 103 mEq/L.
hyperkalemia - Ans -occurs when serum level is above 5.0 mEq/L. most common
reason is decreased excretion by kidneys due to renal insufficiency or drug effects.
hypermagnesemia - Ans -present when serum level is above 2.1 mEq/L. can occur in
presence of renal failure or from overuse of magnesium containing antacids and
cathartics.
hypernatremia - Ans -occurs when serum level is above 145 mEq/L. usually caused by
water loss from fever, respiratory infection, watery diarrhea, impaired thirst, or restricted
access to water.
hyperphosphatemia - Ans -level above 4.5 mg/dL. occurs in renal failure
hypertonic - Ans -solution that has a higher osmotic pressure than that of body fluids.
hyperventilation - Ans -too much CO2 is blown off
hypervolemia - Ans -excessive blood volume
hypocalcemia - Ans -occurs when serum level is below 9.0 mg/dL. results from
disorders in which there is a shift of calcium in the bone.
hypochloremia - Ans -serum level below 95 mEq/L. associated with hyponatremia. can
occur with severe vomiting and is seen as a compensatory decrease in acid base
disorders.
hypodermoclysis - Ans -injection of fluid into subcutaneous tissue via continuous
infusion
hypokalemia - Ans -when serum level drops below 3.5 mEq/L.
hypomagnesemia - Ans -when serum level drops below 1.3 mEq/L. usually present
when hypokalemia and hypocalcemia occur.
