CBSE Review
2nd era cephalosporin uses - ANS-gram + cocci, H.Influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes,
Neisseria spp., Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, E.Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae:
HENS PEcK
2nd technology cephalosporins + gram spectrum - ANS-cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime;
excessive gram pos, barely greater gram neg
30S Ribosomal subunit antibiotics - ANS-Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Neomycin,
Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin), Tetracyclines (Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline)
3rd gen cephalosporin makes use of - ANS-extreme gram - organisms immune to other
beta-lactams; ceftriaxone (meningitis, gonorrhea, disseminated Lyme dx), ceftazidine
(pseudomonas)
3rd technology cephalosporin + gram spectrum - ANS-ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime;
low gram pos, excessive gram neg
4th technology cephalosporins + gram spectrum - ANS-cefepime; wide spectrum
4th technology cephalosporins uses - ANS-gram neg organisms, with increased activity in
opposition to Pseudomonas and gram pos organisms
five-fluorouracil AE - ANS-AE = myelosuppression worsened w/addition of leucovorin
5-fluorouracil use - ANS-use = colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, basal cellular carcinoma;
results more desirable w/use of leucovorin
five-fluorouracinl MOA - ANS-pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5-FdUMP which covalently
complexes folic acid > inhibits thymidylate synthase > decrease dTMP > lower DNA
synthesis
50S Ribosomal subunit antibiotics - ANS-Chloramphenical, Clindamycin, Linezolid,
Macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin), Streptogramins (Quinupristin,
Dalfopristin)
fifth technology cephalosporin makes use of - ANS-large gram pos and gram neg organism
insurance, includes MRSA however NOT pseudomonas
fifth generation cephalosporins + gram spectrum - ANS-ceftaroline; low gram pos, excessive
gram neg
Abacavir contraindication - ANS-contraindication: HLA-B5701 mutation, EtOH, in no way
re-challenge due to excessive hypersensitive reaction
Abatacept MOA + use - ANS-MOA: fusion protein interferes w/T cellular activation
use: mild to excessive RA, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Abciximab target and use - ANS-platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa; antiplatelet agent for
prevention of ischemic headaches in pts present process percutaneous coronary
intervention
Acanthamoeba - ANS-free dwelling protozoa
scientific: keratitis-conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, foreign body sensation, pain,
photophobia
ACEI AE - ANS-AE - cough, angioedema (because of boom bradykinin; contraindicated in
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency); Teratogen (fetal renal malformations; Term 1 - Category C
[fetal hypotension, anuria, renal failure. Term 2/3 - Category D); increase creatinine
,(decrease GFR), hyperkalemia, hypotension; used w/warning in bilateral renal artery
stenosis (similarly lower in GFR > renal failure)
ACEI MOA - ANS-MOA: inhibit ACE > lower AT II > decrease GFR by preventing constriction
of efferent arterioles; increase renin because of lack of poor feedback; inhibition of ACE
additionally prevents inactivation of bradykinin a robust vasodilator
ACEI use - ANS-use - HTN (works higher in white/young pts), HF (decrease mortality),
proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy; save you adverse coronary heart reworking because of
chronic HTN; in diabetic nephropathy lower intraglomerular pressure slowing GBM
thickening
Acetaminophen AE - ANS-AE = overdose produces hepatic necrosis, drug metabolite
(NAPQI) depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue byproducts in liver; N-acetylcysteine is
antidote (regenerate glutathione)
Acetaminophen MOA - ANS-reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, ordinarily in CNS;
inactivated in outer edge
Acetaminophen toxicity remedy - ANS-N-acetylcysteine
Acetaminophen use - ANS-use = antipyretic, analgesic but now not anti-inflammatory, use in
viral infection in youngsters
Acetazolamide AE - ANS-AE - proximal renal tubular acidosis, paresthesias, NH3 toxicity,
sulfa hypersensitivity
Acetazolamide for glaucoma - ANS-decrease aqueous humor synthesis through inhibition of
carbonic anhydrase
Acetazolamide for glaucoma AE - ANS-AE - no pupillary or vision changes
Acetazolamide MOA - ANS-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; causes self-constrained NaHCO3
diuresis and reduce overall body HCO3- stores
Acts on PCT
Acetazolamide use - ANS-use - glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude
sickness, pseudotumor cerebril
ACh receptors - ANS-ligand-gated Na+/K+ channels; Nn (in autonomic ganglia, adrenal
medulla) and Nm (neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle
AChE inhibitors, organophosphates toxicity treatment - ANS-atroprine > pralidoxime
Actinomyces - ANS-ordinary oral, reproductive and GI vegetation; oral/facial abscesses that
drain via sinus tracks, forms yellow sulfur granules; can reason PID w/IUD
Acute Gout drugs - ANS-NSAIDs, Glucocorticoids, Colchicine, TNF-alpha inhibitors
Acute HBV serology - ANS-pos HBsAg, HBeAg, IgM (anti-HBc)
acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir AE - ANS-obstructive crystalline nephropathy and acute
renal failure if now not thoroughly hydrated
Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir MOA - ANS-guanosine analogs; monophosphorylated by
HSV/VZV thymidine kinase and now not phosphorylated in uninfected cells > few AE;
triphosphate formed by using cell enzymes; preferentially inhibit viral DNA polymerase by
chain termination
acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir resistance - ANS-mutated viral thymidine kinase
Acyclovir, famiciclovir, valacyclovir clinical use - ANS-use for HSV and VZV; susceptible
pastime in opposition to EBV; HSV brought about mucocutaneous and genital lesions in
addition to for encephalitis; prophylaxis in immunocompromised pts
Adalimumab, Etanercept, infliximab goal and use - ANS-target: soluble TNF-alpha, moa:
human IgG1 that inhibits TNF-alpha;
use: IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis
,Adalimumab, Infliximab, Etanercept AE - ANS-AE: cytopenia, increase chance of: infections,
malignancies, GI ulcer, large bowel perforation; exacerbates HF
Adenosine AE - ANS-flushing, hypotension, chest ache, sense of imminent doom,
bronchospasm
Adenosine as antiarrhythmic - ANS-increase K+ out of cells > hyperpolarizing the mobile and
decrease intracellular Ca2+; drug of desire in diagnosing/terminating positive types of SVT;
very brief acting (~15s); results blunted through theophylline and caffeine
Adenovirus reasons - ANS-febrile pharyngitis; acute hemorrhagic cystitis; pneumonia;
conjunctivitis
ADH antagonists + use - ANS-Conivaptan, Tolvaptan; SIADH, block action of ADH at V2
receptor
ADHD preferred remedy - ANS-preferred remedy = stimulants (methylphenidate,
amphetamines)
ADP receptor inhibitor AE - ANS-neutropenia (ticlopidine); TTP may be visible
ADP receptor inhibitor MOA - ANS-inhibit platelet aggregation by way of irreversibly blocking
ADP receptors; save you expression of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa on platelet surface
ADP receptor inhibitor use - ANS-acute coronary syndrome; coronary stenting, lower
prevalence or recurrence of thrombotic stroke
ADP receptor inhibitors - ANS-clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticlopidine
Adrenergic receptor places - ANS-Sympathetic cardiac and easy muscle, gland cells, nerve
terminals, vessels
African sound asleep illness - ANS-enlarged lymph nodes, habitual fever, somnolence,
coma; T.Brucei
AIDS capabilities + organism - ANS-HIV; opportunistic infections, Kaposi sarcoma,
lymphoma
Albuterol - ANS-relaxes bronchial clean muscle (brief appearing Beta-2 agonist) used for the
duration of acute allergies exacerbation
albuterol, salmeterol motion + use - ANS-beta2 >beta1; acute and long term asthma or
COPD
Alcohol withdrawal preferred remedy - ANS-favored remedy - benzodiazepines
(chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, diazepam)
Aldesleukin (IL-2) use - ANS-use: renal mobile carcinoma, metastatic cancer
Alemtuzumab goal and use - ANS-CD52; CLL, MS
Alirocumab, Evolocumab AE - ANS-AE: myalgias, delirium, dementia, other neurocognitive
consequences
Alirocumab, Evolocumab MOA - ANS-MOA: inactivation of LDL-receptor degradation,
increasing amount of LDL removed from bloodstream; PCSK9 inhibitors; considerably
decreases LDL, will increase HDL, decreases TG
Aliskiren MOA - ANS-direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to
angiotensin I
Aliskiren use + AE - ANS-use - HTN
AE - hyperkalemia, lower GFR, hypotension, contraindicated in pts already on ACEI or ARB
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - ANS-hypersensitive reaction reaction assoc
w/bronchial asthma and CF; can purpose bronchiectasis and eosinophilia
Allopurinol - ANS-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, decrease conversion of
hypoxanthine and xanthine to urate; extensively utilized in lymphoma and leukemia to save
you tumor lysis-associated urate nephropathy; boom concentrations of azathioprine and
six-MP (both metabolized via xanthine oxidase)
, alpha 1 receptor elegance + fundamental functions - ANS-Gq; boom vascular smooth
muscle contraction, growth pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis), growth intestinal
and bladder sphincter muscle contraction
alpha blockers nonselective - ANS-phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine
alpha hemolytic definition - ANS-partial hemolysis, green
alpha hemolytic optochin resistant - ANS-viridans strep (S.Mutans, S.Mitis)
alpha hemolytic optochin touchy - ANS-S.Pneumoniae
alpha-1 selective blockers - ANS-prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin
alpha-2 class + principal features - ANS-Gi; lower sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin
release, decrease lipolysis, increase platelet aggregation, lower aqueous humor
manufacturing
alpha-2 selective blockers - ANS-mirtazapine
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor motion - ANS-inhibit intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidase;
behind schedule carbohydrate hydrolysis and glucose absorption > decrease postprandial
hyperglycemia
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors + movement - ANS-acarbose, miglitol; kind 2 DM
alpha-methyldopa AE - ANS-direct Coombs + hemolysis; SLE-like syndrome
alpha-methyldopa use - ANS-HTN in being pregnant
Aluminum hydroxide AE - ANS-constipation and hypophosphatemia; proximal muscle weak
point, osteodystrophy, seizures; poisonous quantity > microcytic anemia, dementia, generally
only in renal failure pts
Alzheimer pills - ANS-Memantine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, Tacrine
Amebiasis - ANS-blood diarrhea, liver abscess (anchovy paste), RUQ ache; flask shaped
ulcer
Aminoglycoside AE - ANS-AE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockade; teratogen
(Pregnancy Category D)
Aminoglycoside clinical use - ANS-medical use: excessive gram neg rods; synergisitic
w/beta-lactam antibiotics; nosocomial respiratory infections, pseudomonas, septicemia,
complicated UTI, complex intraabdominal infections, osteomyelitis
Aminoglycoside MOA - ANS-MOA: bactericidal; irreversible inhibition of initiation complex via
binding of the 30S subunit; can purpose misreading of mRNA; block translocation; require
O2 for uptake; useless towards anaerobes
aminoglycoside resistance - ANS-bacterial transferase enzymes inactivate the drug by way
of acetylation, phosphorylation or adenylation
aminoglycosides - ANS-Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin
Amiodarone AE - ANS-pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism,
acts as hapten (corneal deposits, blue/grey skin deposits ensuing in photodermatitis),
neurologic consequences, constipation, cardiovascular outcomes (bradycardia, heart block,
HF)
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin (Aminopenicillins) MOA - ANS-D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog, bind
PBP, wider spectrum of use; penicillinase sensitive; can combine w/clavulanic acid to protect
against destruction by beta-lactamase
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin AE - ANS-hypersensitivity rxns, rash, pseudomembranous colitis
Amoxicillin, ampicillin scientific use - ANS-H.Influenza, H.Pylori, E.Coli, Listeria
monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci: (HHELPSS) kill
enterococci
Amphetamine movement + use - ANS-oblique popular agonist, reuptake inhibitor, releases
stored catecholamines; narcolepsy, weight problems, ADHD
2nd era cephalosporin uses - ANS-gram + cocci, H.Influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes,
Neisseria spp., Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, E.Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae:
HENS PEcK
2nd technology cephalosporins + gram spectrum - ANS-cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime;
excessive gram pos, barely greater gram neg
30S Ribosomal subunit antibiotics - ANS-Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Neomycin,
Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin), Tetracyclines (Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline)
3rd gen cephalosporin makes use of - ANS-extreme gram - organisms immune to other
beta-lactams; ceftriaxone (meningitis, gonorrhea, disseminated Lyme dx), ceftazidine
(pseudomonas)
3rd technology cephalosporin + gram spectrum - ANS-ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime;
low gram pos, excessive gram neg
4th technology cephalosporins + gram spectrum - ANS-cefepime; wide spectrum
4th technology cephalosporins uses - ANS-gram neg organisms, with increased activity in
opposition to Pseudomonas and gram pos organisms
five-fluorouracil AE - ANS-AE = myelosuppression worsened w/addition of leucovorin
5-fluorouracil use - ANS-use = colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, basal cellular carcinoma;
results more desirable w/use of leucovorin
five-fluorouracinl MOA - ANS-pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5-FdUMP which covalently
complexes folic acid > inhibits thymidylate synthase > decrease dTMP > lower DNA
synthesis
50S Ribosomal subunit antibiotics - ANS-Chloramphenical, Clindamycin, Linezolid,
Macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin), Streptogramins (Quinupristin,
Dalfopristin)
fifth technology cephalosporin makes use of - ANS-large gram pos and gram neg organism
insurance, includes MRSA however NOT pseudomonas
fifth generation cephalosporins + gram spectrum - ANS-ceftaroline; low gram pos, excessive
gram neg
Abacavir contraindication - ANS-contraindication: HLA-B5701 mutation, EtOH, in no way
re-challenge due to excessive hypersensitive reaction
Abatacept MOA + use - ANS-MOA: fusion protein interferes w/T cellular activation
use: mild to excessive RA, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Abciximab target and use - ANS-platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa; antiplatelet agent for
prevention of ischemic headaches in pts present process percutaneous coronary
intervention
Acanthamoeba - ANS-free dwelling protozoa
scientific: keratitis-conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, foreign body sensation, pain,
photophobia
ACEI AE - ANS-AE - cough, angioedema (because of boom bradykinin; contraindicated in
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency); Teratogen (fetal renal malformations; Term 1 - Category C
[fetal hypotension, anuria, renal failure. Term 2/3 - Category D); increase creatinine
,(decrease GFR), hyperkalemia, hypotension; used w/warning in bilateral renal artery
stenosis (similarly lower in GFR > renal failure)
ACEI MOA - ANS-MOA: inhibit ACE > lower AT II > decrease GFR by preventing constriction
of efferent arterioles; increase renin because of lack of poor feedback; inhibition of ACE
additionally prevents inactivation of bradykinin a robust vasodilator
ACEI use - ANS-use - HTN (works higher in white/young pts), HF (decrease mortality),
proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy; save you adverse coronary heart reworking because of
chronic HTN; in diabetic nephropathy lower intraglomerular pressure slowing GBM
thickening
Acetaminophen AE - ANS-AE = overdose produces hepatic necrosis, drug metabolite
(NAPQI) depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue byproducts in liver; N-acetylcysteine is
antidote (regenerate glutathione)
Acetaminophen MOA - ANS-reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, ordinarily in CNS;
inactivated in outer edge
Acetaminophen toxicity remedy - ANS-N-acetylcysteine
Acetaminophen use - ANS-use = antipyretic, analgesic but now not anti-inflammatory, use in
viral infection in youngsters
Acetazolamide AE - ANS-AE - proximal renal tubular acidosis, paresthesias, NH3 toxicity,
sulfa hypersensitivity
Acetazolamide for glaucoma - ANS-decrease aqueous humor synthesis through inhibition of
carbonic anhydrase
Acetazolamide for glaucoma AE - ANS-AE - no pupillary or vision changes
Acetazolamide MOA - ANS-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; causes self-constrained NaHCO3
diuresis and reduce overall body HCO3- stores
Acts on PCT
Acetazolamide use - ANS-use - glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude
sickness, pseudotumor cerebril
ACh receptors - ANS-ligand-gated Na+/K+ channels; Nn (in autonomic ganglia, adrenal
medulla) and Nm (neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle
AChE inhibitors, organophosphates toxicity treatment - ANS-atroprine > pralidoxime
Actinomyces - ANS-ordinary oral, reproductive and GI vegetation; oral/facial abscesses that
drain via sinus tracks, forms yellow sulfur granules; can reason PID w/IUD
Acute Gout drugs - ANS-NSAIDs, Glucocorticoids, Colchicine, TNF-alpha inhibitors
Acute HBV serology - ANS-pos HBsAg, HBeAg, IgM (anti-HBc)
acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir AE - ANS-obstructive crystalline nephropathy and acute
renal failure if now not thoroughly hydrated
Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir MOA - ANS-guanosine analogs; monophosphorylated by
HSV/VZV thymidine kinase and now not phosphorylated in uninfected cells > few AE;
triphosphate formed by using cell enzymes; preferentially inhibit viral DNA polymerase by
chain termination
acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir resistance - ANS-mutated viral thymidine kinase
Acyclovir, famiciclovir, valacyclovir clinical use - ANS-use for HSV and VZV; susceptible
pastime in opposition to EBV; HSV brought about mucocutaneous and genital lesions in
addition to for encephalitis; prophylaxis in immunocompromised pts
Adalimumab, Etanercept, infliximab goal and use - ANS-target: soluble TNF-alpha, moa:
human IgG1 that inhibits TNF-alpha;
use: IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis
,Adalimumab, Infliximab, Etanercept AE - ANS-AE: cytopenia, increase chance of: infections,
malignancies, GI ulcer, large bowel perforation; exacerbates HF
Adenosine AE - ANS-flushing, hypotension, chest ache, sense of imminent doom,
bronchospasm
Adenosine as antiarrhythmic - ANS-increase K+ out of cells > hyperpolarizing the mobile and
decrease intracellular Ca2+; drug of desire in diagnosing/terminating positive types of SVT;
very brief acting (~15s); results blunted through theophylline and caffeine
Adenovirus reasons - ANS-febrile pharyngitis; acute hemorrhagic cystitis; pneumonia;
conjunctivitis
ADH antagonists + use - ANS-Conivaptan, Tolvaptan; SIADH, block action of ADH at V2
receptor
ADHD preferred remedy - ANS-preferred remedy = stimulants (methylphenidate,
amphetamines)
ADP receptor inhibitor AE - ANS-neutropenia (ticlopidine); TTP may be visible
ADP receptor inhibitor MOA - ANS-inhibit platelet aggregation by way of irreversibly blocking
ADP receptors; save you expression of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa on platelet surface
ADP receptor inhibitor use - ANS-acute coronary syndrome; coronary stenting, lower
prevalence or recurrence of thrombotic stroke
ADP receptor inhibitors - ANS-clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticlopidine
Adrenergic receptor places - ANS-Sympathetic cardiac and easy muscle, gland cells, nerve
terminals, vessels
African sound asleep illness - ANS-enlarged lymph nodes, habitual fever, somnolence,
coma; T.Brucei
AIDS capabilities + organism - ANS-HIV; opportunistic infections, Kaposi sarcoma,
lymphoma
Albuterol - ANS-relaxes bronchial clean muscle (brief appearing Beta-2 agonist) used for the
duration of acute allergies exacerbation
albuterol, salmeterol motion + use - ANS-beta2 >beta1; acute and long term asthma or
COPD
Alcohol withdrawal preferred remedy - ANS-favored remedy - benzodiazepines
(chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, diazepam)
Aldesleukin (IL-2) use - ANS-use: renal mobile carcinoma, metastatic cancer
Alemtuzumab goal and use - ANS-CD52; CLL, MS
Alirocumab, Evolocumab AE - ANS-AE: myalgias, delirium, dementia, other neurocognitive
consequences
Alirocumab, Evolocumab MOA - ANS-MOA: inactivation of LDL-receptor degradation,
increasing amount of LDL removed from bloodstream; PCSK9 inhibitors; considerably
decreases LDL, will increase HDL, decreases TG
Aliskiren MOA - ANS-direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to
angiotensin I
Aliskiren use + AE - ANS-use - HTN
AE - hyperkalemia, lower GFR, hypotension, contraindicated in pts already on ACEI or ARB
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis - ANS-hypersensitive reaction reaction assoc
w/bronchial asthma and CF; can purpose bronchiectasis and eosinophilia
Allopurinol - ANS-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, decrease conversion of
hypoxanthine and xanthine to urate; extensively utilized in lymphoma and leukemia to save
you tumor lysis-associated urate nephropathy; boom concentrations of azathioprine and
six-MP (both metabolized via xanthine oxidase)
, alpha 1 receptor elegance + fundamental functions - ANS-Gq; boom vascular smooth
muscle contraction, growth pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis), growth intestinal
and bladder sphincter muscle contraction
alpha blockers nonselective - ANS-phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine
alpha hemolytic definition - ANS-partial hemolysis, green
alpha hemolytic optochin resistant - ANS-viridans strep (S.Mutans, S.Mitis)
alpha hemolytic optochin touchy - ANS-S.Pneumoniae
alpha-1 selective blockers - ANS-prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin
alpha-2 class + principal features - ANS-Gi; lower sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin
release, decrease lipolysis, increase platelet aggregation, lower aqueous humor
manufacturing
alpha-2 selective blockers - ANS-mirtazapine
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor motion - ANS-inhibit intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidase;
behind schedule carbohydrate hydrolysis and glucose absorption > decrease postprandial
hyperglycemia
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors + movement - ANS-acarbose, miglitol; kind 2 DM
alpha-methyldopa AE - ANS-direct Coombs + hemolysis; SLE-like syndrome
alpha-methyldopa use - ANS-HTN in being pregnant
Aluminum hydroxide AE - ANS-constipation and hypophosphatemia; proximal muscle weak
point, osteodystrophy, seizures; poisonous quantity > microcytic anemia, dementia, generally
only in renal failure pts
Alzheimer pills - ANS-Memantine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, Tacrine
Amebiasis - ANS-blood diarrhea, liver abscess (anchovy paste), RUQ ache; flask shaped
ulcer
Aminoglycoside AE - ANS-AE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockade; teratogen
(Pregnancy Category D)
Aminoglycoside clinical use - ANS-medical use: excessive gram neg rods; synergisitic
w/beta-lactam antibiotics; nosocomial respiratory infections, pseudomonas, septicemia,
complicated UTI, complex intraabdominal infections, osteomyelitis
Aminoglycoside MOA - ANS-MOA: bactericidal; irreversible inhibition of initiation complex via
binding of the 30S subunit; can purpose misreading of mRNA; block translocation; require
O2 for uptake; useless towards anaerobes
aminoglycoside resistance - ANS-bacterial transferase enzymes inactivate the drug by way
of acetylation, phosphorylation or adenylation
aminoglycosides - ANS-Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin
Amiodarone AE - ANS-pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism,
acts as hapten (corneal deposits, blue/grey skin deposits ensuing in photodermatitis),
neurologic consequences, constipation, cardiovascular outcomes (bradycardia, heart block,
HF)
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin (Aminopenicillins) MOA - ANS-D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog, bind
PBP, wider spectrum of use; penicillinase sensitive; can combine w/clavulanic acid to protect
against destruction by beta-lactamase
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin AE - ANS-hypersensitivity rxns, rash, pseudomembranous colitis
Amoxicillin, ampicillin scientific use - ANS-H.Influenza, H.Pylori, E.Coli, Listeria
monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci: (HHELPSS) kill
enterococci
Amphetamine movement + use - ANS-oblique popular agonist, reuptake inhibitor, releases
stored catecholamines; narcolepsy, weight problems, ADHD
