General Properties of Transition Elements (d-Block)
Transition elements (d-block elements) are the elements found in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic
table.
They exhibit unique properties due to their partially filled d-orbitals.
1. **Electronic Configuration**
- Transition metals have an electronic configuration of (n-1)d^1-10 ns^1-2.
- This leads to variable oxidation states and complex chemical behavior.
2. **Variable Oxidation States**
- Unlike s-block elements, transition metals show multiple oxidation states.
- Example: Fe can exist as Fe^2+ and Fe^3+, Mn can exist as Mn^2+, Mn^3+, Mn4+, Mn5+,
Mn6+, Mn7+.
3. **Formation of Colored Compounds**
- d-d electron transitions absorb visible light, giving transition metal compounds vibrant colors.
- Example: Cu^2+ appears blue, Cr^3+ appears green.
4. **Catalytic Properties**
- Many transition metals and their compounds act as catalysts due to their ability to change
oxidation states.
- Example: Fe in the Haber process, V2O5 in the Contact process.
5. **Complex Formation**
Transition elements (d-block elements) are the elements found in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic
table.
They exhibit unique properties due to their partially filled d-orbitals.
1. **Electronic Configuration**
- Transition metals have an electronic configuration of (n-1)d^1-10 ns^1-2.
- This leads to variable oxidation states and complex chemical behavior.
2. **Variable Oxidation States**
- Unlike s-block elements, transition metals show multiple oxidation states.
- Example: Fe can exist as Fe^2+ and Fe^3+, Mn can exist as Mn^2+, Mn^3+, Mn4+, Mn5+,
Mn6+, Mn7+.
3. **Formation of Colored Compounds**
- d-d electron transitions absorb visible light, giving transition metal compounds vibrant colors.
- Example: Cu^2+ appears blue, Cr^3+ appears green.
4. **Catalytic Properties**
- Many transition metals and their compounds act as catalysts due to their ability to change
oxidation states.
- Example: Fe in the Haber process, V2O5 in the Contact process.
5. **Complex Formation**
