Hoofdstuk 1
Edgar Shein:
Outer layer = artefacts of culture
First things you notice, easy to perceive. It is not intercultural communication. Example Netherlands:
bicycle lanes, tall people.
Second layer = Norms and values
Written and unwritten standards of correct behavior. Not as visible, takes time to learn them. example
norm: perfectly on time for a meeting or is a few minutes late oke. Example value: call a classmate who is
ill? Noticeable when you make a mistake
Third layer = deepest layer: basic assumptions
Abstract and invisible. We learn them before the age of 7. Perception of world is shaped by this.
Cultural programming:
Culture is learned = Hofstede calls this programming
Programmed through:
- Upbringing
- Socialization
- Norms and values
- Perception
Three levels:
Individual
Cultural
Human nature
Identity formed by 3R’:
- Relationships
- Rituals
- Restrictions
Culture and subculture
‘Culture is the collective mental programming of the mind’
, Possible subcultures: continent, country, regional, ethnic, urban/rural, religion,
social class, gender, age, profession, hobby.
Communication noise= anything that distorts or blocks the message:
External noise: interference from the environment. Receiver has difficulty understanding you.
Internal noise: emotions, worries or personal prejudices get in the way of paying attention.
Cultural noise: differences cultural programming distort message. Example: different amounts of eye
contact or voice volume.
TOPOI model Edwin Hoffman: Lezen in boek
T= tong or language: be aware of the several meaning of words
O= order: how one views reality. There is not one truth
P= persons: relate to symmetrical (equals) or complementary (hierarchy)
relationships
O= organization: professional, organizational contact
I= intention or influence: intentions, needs, motive of participants
Global citizenship:
Competencies:
- Intercultural sensitivity: empathy, solidarity, respect for diversity.
- Knowledge and cognitive skills on global issues
- Social skills and communication skills
Global citizenship attitude= understanding multiple levels of identity.
What is cultural awareness: understanding what culture is, being able to look at
yourself, look at others from different cultures.
Chapter 2
Communication:
Van Hall:
Low context:
- information is communicated only with words.
- Direct and explicit
- Individualism
- Less proficient reading nonverbal cues
- Authority to written information
Edgar Shein:
Outer layer = artefacts of culture
First things you notice, easy to perceive. It is not intercultural communication. Example Netherlands:
bicycle lanes, tall people.
Second layer = Norms and values
Written and unwritten standards of correct behavior. Not as visible, takes time to learn them. example
norm: perfectly on time for a meeting or is a few minutes late oke. Example value: call a classmate who is
ill? Noticeable when you make a mistake
Third layer = deepest layer: basic assumptions
Abstract and invisible. We learn them before the age of 7. Perception of world is shaped by this.
Cultural programming:
Culture is learned = Hofstede calls this programming
Programmed through:
- Upbringing
- Socialization
- Norms and values
- Perception
Three levels:
Individual
Cultural
Human nature
Identity formed by 3R’:
- Relationships
- Rituals
- Restrictions
Culture and subculture
‘Culture is the collective mental programming of the mind’
, Possible subcultures: continent, country, regional, ethnic, urban/rural, religion,
social class, gender, age, profession, hobby.
Communication noise= anything that distorts or blocks the message:
External noise: interference from the environment. Receiver has difficulty understanding you.
Internal noise: emotions, worries or personal prejudices get in the way of paying attention.
Cultural noise: differences cultural programming distort message. Example: different amounts of eye
contact or voice volume.
TOPOI model Edwin Hoffman: Lezen in boek
T= tong or language: be aware of the several meaning of words
O= order: how one views reality. There is not one truth
P= persons: relate to symmetrical (equals) or complementary (hierarchy)
relationships
O= organization: professional, organizational contact
I= intention or influence: intentions, needs, motive of participants
Global citizenship:
Competencies:
- Intercultural sensitivity: empathy, solidarity, respect for diversity.
- Knowledge and cognitive skills on global issues
- Social skills and communication skills
Global citizenship attitude= understanding multiple levels of identity.
What is cultural awareness: understanding what culture is, being able to look at
yourself, look at others from different cultures.
Chapter 2
Communication:
Van Hall:
Low context:
- information is communicated only with words.
- Direct and explicit
- Individualism
- Less proficient reading nonverbal cues
- Authority to written information
